1250-1500

Question	Answer
1250-1500	1250-1500
When was the Battle of Stirling bridge?	11 September 1297
When was the battle of Falkirk?	22 July 1298
What happened at Falkirk?	Was one of the most major battles in the First War of Scottish Independence. Led by King Edward I of England, the English army defeated the Scots, led by William Wallace.
What is a Schiltron?	A Schiltron is a Scottish battle strategy that can have as many as 2000 men carrying massive 12-foot-long spears.In which they form a huge circle or rectangle that bristled with spears like a giant lethal hedgehog.
What is a Gambeson?	Is a padded defensive jacket worn as armor or seperatley.
What is a Hauberk?	Its a piece of armor looking like a chain
What is a Halberd?	A Halberd is a combined spear and battleaxe which swings in the air hitting men of their horses.
What is a Brown Bill?	A Brown bill is a polearm used by infantry in the medieval times otherwise known as a Halberd.
Explain the Feudal system?	In a feudal system, a peasant or worker known as a vassal received a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king, especially during times of war. Vassals were expected to perform various duties in exchange for their own fiefs, or areas of land.
How did the cavalrymen train?	Cavalrymen weren't really trained.This tended to be wealthier men who owned horses.However, some were trained to use weapons and practiced fighting in tournaments.
How did infantry train?	infantry were common who fought as fat soldiers.They and training and had to bring their own weapons.
Why were battles avoided?	Because they cost a lot of money and also kings led the armies meaning if they lost a battle it meant the king could be killed or captured for ransom.
When was the longbow introduced?	1298 they were used in British armies.
what tactics did the use at Falkirk and Agincourt?	At Falkirk and Agincourt,the English used the longbows to their advantage.At Falkirk Edward used 5,00 longbows to fire down on the Scottish infantry who had no armour to protect them.Similarly, at Agincourt the English fires the longbow arrows down onto the heads of the French Calvary.
what happened at Agincourt?	Firstly,Henry sent his English archers into the trees to fir at the french lines this was called galling but the french thought it was unchivalrous.Angry,the french went into a disorganized charge.The English longbows now showed their worth,hitting the french horses and calvary.The injured horses fell or panicked and crashed into others to they retreated into the approaching french infantry.The French infantry were exhausted so their numeric advantage made no difference.The English attacked, the french crowded together falling on the bodies retreated.
What is a melee?	A Melee attack is when the two apposing sides fight or scuffle in the middle of the battle field.
What is a Chevauchee?	Is a horse charge which was used to pillage into the enemys territory in order to reduce a region.
What is assizes of arms?	Was when all the freemen of england would bear arms in service for the king.
What is scutage?	Its money paid by a vassal to his lord in return of military service.
How were armies supplied?	Armies got supplies from baggage trains which were pulled by horses.It would carry weapons,armor,tents,tools,cooking equipment and food.
What effect did the longbow have at agincourt and poitiers?	The longbow had a massive effect on both battles and it was key to the English success.It was great at raining down on the horses,calvary and infantry.Injuring or killing them in a fatal way.Without longbows, the English army may not have won these battles.
What was wrong with the early cannons?	When the first cannons were introduced they were very heavy weighing about 6 tonnes meaning it would take 100 men to move it roughly 3 miles a day also they weren't very effective as they couldn't fire far.

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