11169034
Description
Flashcards by Isabella N, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isabella N
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Semiconservative is the method of DNA replication, how does it work? | Newly-formed 2x strands of DNA is 1 strand parental + 1 strand daughter |
| This method of DNA replication is intermixing of parental and daughter strands (hybrid). | Dispersive model |
| In order ____ complementary strands, the ______ _____ helix is used as a ______ | synthesize/make; original 2x; template |
| Newly-formed DNA strands are called? | Daughter strands |
| The original (2) 2x helix strands are called? | Parental strands |
| The conservation model was (1) of proposed methods of DNA replication, what is it? | Both parental strands stay together throughout the replication process. |
| This model was proposed in the 50's + proved to be correct, what is it? | Semiconservative model |
| What experiment proved that DNA replication is semiconservative? | Meselson-Stahl, growing E. coli in heavy Nit. isotope --> then growing it in lighter Nit. - following density of the resulting DNA |
| DNA polymerase needs what (3) components to make new daughter strands? | DNA template/parental strand, RNA primer, all DNA nucleotides (A/T/G/C) |
| As the chain of DNA elongates, what direction is the replication going? | 5' to 3' |
| What type of nucleotides are added in DNA replication? | Nucleotide triphosphate |
| What happens as a nucleotide is added? | (2) of phosphates are removed + used as energy to make a covalent bond w/ neighboring DNA nucleotide (across the street) |
| DNA polymerase I + ____ needs a RNA ____ to start added _____. | Mg++; template/primer; nucleotides |
| Prokar. have (_) orgins of replication + replication is in what direction? | (1); bidirectionally |
| Name steps of prokar. chromos. replication | @ origin of replication --> create replication bubble --> new DNA made here until replication forks meet |
| The enzy. starting the production of new DNA | DNA polymerase |
| DNA polymerase needs a DNA ____ to add ____ @ 3' -___ of an ______ ________. | template/parental strand; nucleotides; OH; existing polynucleotide (RNA/DNA) |
| Polymerase _ in prokar. removes RNA primers + these subsequent gaps. | 1 |
| Polymerase _ in prokar.s works from _' to _' + makes edits after ______. | 3; 5, 3; replication |
| How does the DNA polymerase work in prokar.s? | The "hand" grabs DNA --> splits it into (2)via enzy. in "palm" |
| ____ make the initial split in DNA. | DNaA |
| These helicases helps smooth out coils @ end of replication forks, breaks H-bond between DNA strands + further open strands. | DNaB, DNaC |
| Single-stranded binding proteins do what? | Keep strands open + from binding together. |
| DNaB + DNaC are both made of what? | Proteins |
| Why does DNA gyrase goes before helicases? | This is the 1st step in smoothing supercoils, making helicases job easier. |
| Once DNA strands are separated, what is made next? | RNA primer |
| Who makes the RNA primers? | DNA primase. |
| RNA primers are how long? | 10-12 nucleotides long. |
| This daughter strand is made from 5' to 3' direction. | Leading strand |
| This strand is opposite to the leading strand in DNA synthesis. | Lagging strand |
| What is the lagging strand made of? | Okazaki fragments that begin w/ a RNA primer |
| After RNA primers are removed, what are they filled w/ + by whom? | DNA; DNA ligase |
| DNA polymerase 3 is also knowns as a...? | Dimer. |
| What is 5' to 3' exonuclease activity? | DNA polymerase taking out primers + allows for corrections to be made. |
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