11235557
Description
Flashcards by Isabella N, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isabella N
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Transcription happens in the...? | Nucleus |
| DNA protected by... | The nucleus |
| Introns are segments between...? | protein coding sequences on DNA strand |
| Who needs to get out? | Introns. |
| RNA polymerase 3 + 1's job is to...? | Transcribe all inform. |
| RNA polymerase 2's job is to...? | transcribe structure genes, what makes up cell, proteins, tissue, etc. |
| Ribosomes are the ____ of rRNA. | Product. |
| Transcription is making all the mRNA , which will...? | Leave for the cytoplasm. |
| Exons' purpose. | To be part of mRNA + encode for amino acids --> protein |
| Where does RNA polymerase 2 + 3 happen? | Nucleoplasm |
| Where does RNA polymerase 1 happen? | Nucleolus |
| Upstream is above the ___. Its job is...? | Promotor; regulate how much mRNA is made + amount of transcription |
| The promoter has (3) things. | TATA box, transcriptional starting point, regulatory elements |
| Who effects transcription regulation? | Promotors + enchanchers |
| The mRNA starting point is...? | A little extra RNA |
| The TATA box's job is...? | To make sure transcription happens @ right place. |
| There are ___ transcription factors who serve as a ____ point for RNA polymerase. | Many; beginning |
| The core promoter is ___ in length + is the ____ box. It serves as a ____ _____ point for transcription. | Short; TATA; precise starting |
| The core promoter is the site for what to happen? | RNA polym.2 can bind to DNA + begin making RNA from it. |
| What are the control elements? | Silencers, enhancers + proximal-promoter elements |
| What is basal transcription? | The small amount of transcription the core promoter does. |
| What do the control elements do? | Help to determine the efficiently/ rate of RNA Polym.2 job's |
| Enhancers do what? | Make transcription of the RNA polym.2 go faster. |
| Silencers do what? | Stop transcription process of RNA polym.2 |
| Proximal-promoters are usually where? | Just before the promotor region. |
| Silencers + enhancers are usually where? | A long distance before the promoter region. |
| Cis-acting elements rule over what? | Nearby genes |
| Cis-acting elements are? | Enhancers, silencers, TATA box |
| Trans-acting elements are what? | The control proteins, transciption factors |
| Who helps RNA polym.2 bind to DNA sequen. + influences how well it does its job | Trans-acting elements |
| General transcription factors do what? | The requirement for RNA polym.2 to attach to promoter + start working |
| HnRNA is made into...? | mRNA |
| How does hnRNA --> mRNA? | Capping 5' end, adding poly-A tail to 3' end + taking out introns |
| How does capping 5' work? | Capping enym. adds triphosphate bridge to RNA's last 5' |
| Why is 5' capped? | To stabilize the pre-RNA |
| The poly-A tail is prevents what? | The transcribed RNA from falling apart before going to the cytoplasm. |
| Exons are ___ _____ after intron are ___ ___. | stitched together; cut out |
| A mature + ready mRNA is made of? | Only exons. |
| Who handles are introns? | Spliceosomes |
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