| Question | Answer |
| THE SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS IN THE FIRST MONTH OF GESTATION IS THE? | YOLK SAC |
| THE PRINCIPAL TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IN THE PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IS THE? | NEUTROPHIL |
| CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE REPRESENTS A DEFECT OF? | OXIDATIVE METABOLISM |
| A PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE EOSINOPHIL IS? | SUPPRESSION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE |
| THE CELLS OF THE MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM INCLUDE? | BOTH A AND B: MONOCYTES, PROMONOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES |
| THE HOST DEFENSE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTES-MACROPHAGES INCLUDE? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: ANTIGEN PRESENTATION , PHAGOCYTOSIS, AND SECRETION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MOLECULES |
| THE SURFACE MHC CLASS 2 GENE PRODUCT IS IMPORTANT IN? | ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY T LYMPHOCYTES |
| WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME? | DEFECTIVE MONOCYTE CYTOTOXICITY |
| WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH BURNS OR DIABETES? | DEPRESSED MIGRATION |
| WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS? | IMPAIRED PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY? | DEFECT IN PHAGOCYTIC KILLING |
| WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH INTRACELLULAR INFECTIONS? | DEFECTIVE RELEASE OF MACROPHAGE-ACTIVATING FACTORS |
| ARRANGE THE STEPS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN ORDER? | INCREASE IN CHEMOATTRACTANTS AT SITE OF TISSUE DAMAGE - MOVEMENT OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS - INGESTION OF BACTERIA - DIGESTION OF BACTERIA |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL LEUKOCYTES (PMN)? | PRIMARY PHAGOCYTIC CELLS |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES? | RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN ANTIGEN AND PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONONUCLEAR MONOCYTES-MACROPHAGES? | PRIMARY PHAGOCYTIC CELLS |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS? | ANTIBODY-SYNTHESIZING CELLS |
| WHAT IS THE SITE OF INITIAL RBC PRODUCTION IN A FETUS/EMBRYO? | YOLK SAC |
| WHAT IS THE PREDOMINANT SITE FOR HEMATOPOIESIS FROM 2-5 MONTHS OF FETAL LIFE? | LIVER AND SPLEEN |
| WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SITE OF PRIMARY HEMATOPOIESIS? | BONE MARROW |
| PATIENTS WITH A MARKED DECREASE IN NEUTROPHILS OR SEVERE DEFECTS IN NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION HAVE? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: A HIGH RATE OF INFECTION, RECURRENT SYSTEMIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, RECURRENT LIFE-THREATENING FUNGAL INFECTIONS |
| WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOSUS DISEASE? | FAILURE TO EXHIBIT INCREASED ANAEROBIC METABOLISM DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAZY LEUKOCYTE SYNDROME? | DEFECTIVE LEUKOCYTE LOCOMOTION |
| WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEDIAK-HIGASHI ANOMALY (SYNDROME)? | MARKED DEFECT IN CELLULAR RESPONSE TO CHEMOTAXIS |
| WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MYELOPEROXIDASE DEFICIENCY? | MILD OR MARKED DEFECT IN BACTERICIDAL ABILITY OF NEUTROPHILS |
| T/F: EOSINOPHILS PARTICIPATE IN HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS? | FALSE |
| T/F: BASOPHILS REACT WITH TWO ADJACENT IgA MOLECULES ON MAST CELLS | FALSE |
| THE CELLS THAT CONSTITUTE THE PHYSIOLOGIC, MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM DO NOT INCLUDE? | POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS |
| WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE BRAIN REGION? | MICROGLIAL CELLS |
| WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE NECK REGION? | MACROPHAGES |
| WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE LIVER REGION? | MACROPHAGES AND KUPFFER CELLS |
| WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE INTESTINAL REGION? | HISTIOCYTES (TISSUE MACROPHAGES) |
| WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS? | CHEMOTAXIS - ADHERENCE - ENGULFMENT - PHAGOSOME FORMATION - FUSION - DIGESTION AND DESTRUCTION |
| A FUNCTION OF THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HUMORAL IMMUNITY IS? | INITIATION OF REJECTION OF FOREIGN TISSUES AND TUMORS |
| THE PRIMARY OR CENTRAL LYMPHOID ORGANS IN HUMANS ARE THE? | BONE MARROW AND/OR FETAL LIVER AND THYMUS |
| T/F: SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBODY IS A FUNCTION OF T CELLS? | FALSE |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF T CELLS? | CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B CELLS? | HUMORAL RESPONSE |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF K-TYPE LYMPHOCYTES? | ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT, CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) REACTION |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS? | CYTOTOXIC REACTION |
| WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL OR MOST T LYMPHOCYTES? | CD3 |
| WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH HELPER-INDUCER T CELLS? | CD4 |
| WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPRESSOR-CYTOTOXIC T CELLS? | CD8 |
| T/F: CD4 IS A B CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER? | FALSE |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY THYMIC HYPOPLASIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | CONGENITAL T CELL DISORDER |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY AIDS? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY MULTIPLE MYELOMA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | AQUIRED B CELL DISORDER |
| WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY BRUTONS AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED? | CONGENITAL B CELL DISORDER |
| MOST DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH A PRIMARY DEFECT ARE ___ DISORDERS? | B CELL |
| SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY IS CAUSED BY? | INAPPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENT OF STEM CELLS |
| DIGEORGES SYNDROME IS CAUSED BY? | FAULTY EMBRYOGENESIS |
| THE MAJOR CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF A B CELL DEFICIENCY IS? | INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS |
| BRUTONS AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA IS A? | SEX-LINKED GENETIC DISORDER |
| DOES POISON IVY HYPERSENSITIVITY RESULT IN A SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY? | NO |
| THE SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUES IN MAMMALS ARE? | BOTH B AND C: LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN |
| IN MAMMALIAN IMMUNOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT, THE PRECURSORS OF LYMPHOCYTES ARISE FROM PROGENITOR CELLS OF THE? | BOTH B AND C: LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN |
| THE THYMUS IS EMBRYOLOGICALLY DERIVED FROM THE? | PHARYNGEAL POUCHES |
| WHAT ARE THE SITES OF SECONDARY TISSUE ON THE BODY? | SPLEEN, LYMPH NODES, AND PEYERS PATCHES (INTESTINES) |
| THE PROCESS OF AGING CAUSES THE THYMUS TO? | BOTH A AND C: DECREASE IN SIZE AND LOSE CELLULARITY |
| T LYMPHOCYTES CAN ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS? | MEMORY CELLS |
| T/F: T LYMPHOCYTES CAN SYNTHESIZE AND SECRETE IMMUNOGLOBULIN? | FALSE |
| WHICH CELLS FUNCTION TO SECRETE A VARIETY OF CYTOKINES? | HELPER OR REGULATOR T CELLS |
| WHICH CELLS FUNCITON TO RECOGNIZE ANTIGENS ASSOCIATED WITH MHC CLASS 1? | CYTOTOXIC OR EFFECTOR T CELLS |
| WHICH CELLS FUNCTION TO INHIBIT RESPONSE OF HELPER T CELLS? | SUPPRESSOR T CELLS |
| NATURAL KILLER CELLS DO WHAT? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: PRODUCE INTERFERON, PRODUCE IL-2, AND WERE PREVIOUSLY CALLED NULL CELLS |
| K-TYPE CELLS DO WHAT? | DESTROY BY CYTOTOXIC REACTION |
| WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE ALL SUSPECTED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES? | ESR, CBC WITH PLATELET EVALUATION |
| WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE ANTIBODY DEFICIENCY? | SCREENING FOR ANTI-A AND ANTI-B ISOAGGLUTININS, SCREENING FOR ANTIBODIES TO DIPHTHERIA OR TETANUS TOXOIDS |
| WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE T CELL DEFICIENCY? | ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT, INTRADERMAL SKIN TEST |
| WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE PHAGOCYTIC CELL DEFICIENCY? | ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT |
| WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO T CELL DISORDERS ACCOUNT FOR? | 7% |
| WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO B CELL DISORDERS ACCOUNT FOR? | 53% |
| WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES (SCIDS) ACCOUNT FOR? | 23% |
| WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ACCOUNT FOR? | 14% |
| THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IS? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: A HEAT-LIABLE SERIES OF PLASMA PROTEINS, COMPOSED OF MANY PROTEINASES, AND COMPOSED OF THREE INTERRELATED PATHWAYS |
| T/F: CD3 IS A COMPLEMENT CONTROLLING PROTEIN? | FALSE |
| THE THREE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAYS CONVERGE AT THE POINT OF CLEAVAGE OF COMPLEMENT COMPONENT ___? | CD3 |
| T/F: DECREASED CELL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PHAGOCYTOSIS RESULTS FROM COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION? | FALSE |
| WHAT IS THE ACTIVATION SEQUENCE OF THE CLASSIC COMPLEMENT PATHWAY? | C1 - C4 - C2 - C3 - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - C9 |
| WHAT COMPLEMENT COMPONENT IS PRESENT IN THE GREATEST QUANTITY IN PLASMA? | C3 |
| WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF SEQUENCE OF THE CLASSIC COMPLEMENT PATHWAY? | RECOGNITION - ENZYMATIC ACTIVATION - MEMBRANE ATTACK |
| T/F: FIXATION OF THE C1 COMPLEMENT COMPONENT IS RELATED TO THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE ANTIBODY? | FALSE |
| AT WHICH STAGE DOES THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM REACH ITS FULL AMPLITUDE? | C3 |
| THE FINAL STAGES (C8 AND C9) IN COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION LEAD TO? | CELL LYSIS |
| WHICH PATHWAY IS ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES? | CLASSIC PATHWAY |
| WHICH PATHWAY GENERATES AN ACTIVE (C3b, Bb) C3 CONVERTASE AND IS ACTIVATED BY MICROBIAL AND MAMMALIAN CELL SURFACES? | ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY |
| WHICH PATHWAY TERMINATES IN A MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX? | CLASSIC AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS |
| THE ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY IS? | BOTH B AND C: PREDOMINANTLY A NON-ANTIBODY-INITIATED PATHWAY AND IS ACTIVATED BY FACTORS SUCH AS ENDOTOXINS |
| WHICH CONDITION CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERCOMPLEMENTEMIA? | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION |
| WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH XERODERMA PIGMENTOSA? | C8 |
| WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEINERS DISEASE? | C5 DYSFUNCTION |
| WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RAYNAUDS PHENOMENON? | C6 AND C7 |
| WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RECURRENT PYROGENIC INFECTIONS? | C2 |
| A NONSPECIFIC COMPONENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS? | BOTH A AND B: COMPLEMENT AND T CELLS |
| T CELL GROWTH FACTOR IS THIS IL AND IT ENHANCES CYTOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS (LAK)? | IL-2 |
| LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATING FACTOR IS THIS IL AND IT IS A POTENT MEDIATOR IN ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE? | IL-1 |
| B CELL GROWTH FACTOR 2 IS AND ACTIVATES EOSINOPHILS?? | IL-5 |
| MULTICOLONY COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IS WHICH IL AND IT STIMULATES HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS? | IL-3 |
| NK CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR IS AND IT ENHANCES THE ACTIVITY OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECTOR T CELLS? | IL-12 |
| WHICH IL STIMULATES NEUTROPHILS IN CHEMOTAXIS AND STIMULATES EARLY B CELL PROGENITOR CELLS? | IL-8 |
| WHICH IL INDUCES ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE AND INDUCES THE SECRETION OF Ig? | IL-6 |
| WHICH IL STIMULATES EXPANSION OF IMMATURE T AND B CELLS AND ACTIVATES THE RESPIRATORY BURST? | IL-7 |
| WHICH IL ENHANCES PRODUCTION OF IgG ND INHIBITS PRODUCTION OF IgE BY ACTIVATED B CELLS? | IL-4 |
| WHICH IL INHIBITS CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS? | IL-10 |
| WHICH IL INCREASES THE NUMBER OF IgG-SECRETING B LYMPHOCYTES? | IL-11 |
| WHICH IL STIMULATES PROLIFERATION OF T CELLS AND MAST CELLS? | IL-9 |
| WHICH IL INHIBITS ACTIVATION OF MACROPHAGES? | IL-13 |
| WHICH IL IS PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTION? | IL-15 |
| WHICH IL ACTS AS A T CELL CHEMOATTRACTANT? | IL-16 |
| WHICH IL ACTS AS A B CELL GROWTH FACTOR? | IL-14 |
| WHICH IL ACTS AS A SYNERGIST WITH IL-12? | IL-18 |
| WHICH IL SUPPRESSES ACTIVITIES OF Th1 AND Th2? | IL-19 |
| WHICH IL IS ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN INFLAMMATION? | IL-20 |
| WHICH IL INDUCES GRANULOPOIESIS? | IL-17 |
| WHICH IL PROMOTES INCREASED PRODUCTION OF T CELLS? | IL-21 |
| WHICH IL IS SOMEWHAT SIMILAR TO IFN-a, IFN-b, AND IFN-y? | IL-22 |
| WHICH IL IS A MEMBER OF THE IL-17 CYTOKINE FAMILY? | IL-25 |
| WHICH IL SHARES SOME IN VIVO FUNCTIONS WITH IL-12? | IL-23 |
| T/F: CYTOKINES SECRETED BY LYMPHOCYTES ARE ALSO CALLED LYMPHOKINES? | TRUE |
| T/F: CYTOKINES ARE POLYPEPTIDE PRODUCTS OF ACTIVATED CELLS. | TRUE |
| T/F: CYTOKINES ARE RELEASED ONLY IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ANTIGENS. | FALSE |
| T/F: MOST CYTOKINES HAVE MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES AND ACT ON NUMEROUS CELL TYPES. | TRUE |
| WHAT IS UNABLE TO STIMULATE T CELL PROLIFERATION? | TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR |
| WHAT ACTS BETWEEN LEUKOCYTES? | INTERLEUKINS |
| WHAT WAS DISCOVERED IN VIRALLY INFECTED CELLS? | INTERFERONS |
| WHAT PROVIDES A LINK BETWEEN THE LYMPHOID HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM? | COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS |
| TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: ARE PRODUCTS OF VIRALLY TRANSFORMED CELLS, CAN BE A POTENT INHIBITOR OF IL-1-INDUCED T CELL PROLIFERATION IN THEIR BETA FORM, AND ARE IMPORTANT IN INFLAMMATION, TUMOR DEFENSE, AND CELL GROWTH |
| WHICH ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERFERON? | INTERFERES WITH VIRAL REPLICATION |
| TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) DIFFERS FROM IL-1 IN THAT TNF IS NOT ABLE TO? | STIMULATE T CELL PROLIFERATION |
| WHAT STIMULATES HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR? | COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS |
| WHAT IS THE ENCODING GENE LOCATED IN THE HLA REGION BETWEEN THE HLA-DR AND HLA-B LOCI | TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR |
| WHAT INDUCES PHENOTYPIC TRANSFORMATION IN NON-NEOPLASTIC CELLS | TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS |
| T/F: THE QUALITY OF TEST RESULTS IN AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE CARRIER IS ARTIFICIAL OR BIOLOGICAL. | FALSE |
| FLOCCULATION PROCEDURES DIFFER FROM LATEX AGGLUTINATION PROCEDURES BECAUSE? | SOLUBLE ANTIGEN REACTS WITH ANTIBODY |
| IN A HEMAGGLUTINATION TECHNIQUE, ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN IS USED AS AN ENHANCEMENT MEDIUM TO DETECT ___? | IgM |
| THE PROZONE PHENOMENON CAN RESULT IN A? | FALSE-NEGATIVE REACTION |
| THE EFFECT OF COMPETING ANTIBODIES SEEKING TO ATTACH TO ANTIGEN SITES IS CALLED? | STERIC HINDRANCE |
| THIS METHOD CAN NOT BE USED TO ENHANCE THE AGGLUTINATION OF IgG ANTIBODIES? | ACIDIFYING THE MIXTURE |
| ALL THE ERYTHROCYTES ARE COMBINED INTO ONE SOLID AGGREGATE; CLEAR SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE? | 4+ |
| FEW ISOLATED AGGREGATES; SUPERNATENT APPEARS RED IS WHAT GRADE? | MIXED FIELD |
| MEDIUM-SIZED AGGREGATES; CLEAR SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE? | 2+ |
| A FEW SMALL AGGREGATES; TURBID AND REDDISH SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE? | 1+ |
| A CLASSIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF VIRAL ANTIBODIES IS? | INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION |
| PRECIPITATION IS? | AGGREGATION OF SOLUBLE TEST ANTIGENS |
| AGGLUTINATION IS? | AGGREGATION OF PARTICULATE TEST ANTIGENS |
| COAGGLUTINATION IS? | USES ANTIBODIES BOUND TO A PARTICLE TO ENHANCE VISIBILITY OF AGGLUTINATION |
| FLOCCULATION IS? | BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF SOLUBLE ANTIGEN WITH ANTIBODY, RESULTING IN FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE OF FINE PARTICLES |
| HEMAGGLUTINATION IS? | AGGLUTINATION OF ERYTHROCYTES IN TESTS FOR ANTIBODY DETECTION |
| ARTIFICIAL OR BIOLOGICAL CARRIERS THAT CAN BE USED IN AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION INCLUDE? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: LATEX PARTICLES, COLLOIDAL CHARCOAL, AND ERYTHROCYTES COATED WITH ANTIGEN IN A CONSTANT AMOUNT |
| SENSITIZATION IS? | BOTH A AND B: IS THE FIRST PHASE OF AGGLUTINATION AND REPRESENTS THE PHYSICAL ATTACHMENT OF ANTIBODY MOLECULES TO ANTIGENS ON THE RBC MEMBRANE |
| T/F: AGGLUTINATION CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE REACTIONS BY INCREASING PH OF THE REACTION | FALSE |
| TINY AGGREGATES THAT ARE BARELY VISIBLE MICROSCOPICALLY IS WHAT GRADE? | WEAK (1+ OR 2+) |
| SEVERAL LARGE AGGREGATES IS WHAT GRADE? | 3+ |
| NO AGGREGATES IS WHAT GRADE? | NEGATIVE |
| T/F: THE PRESENCE OF HCG IN MATERNAL URINE OR SERUM PERSISTS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY | FALSE |
| T/F: HCG IS DETECTABLE WITHIN 102 HOURS AFTER THE LAST EXPECTED MENSTRUAL PERIOD | FALSE |
| THE MOST COMMON LABORATORY METHOD FOR DETECTING HCG IS? | LATEX AGGLUTINATION |
| IN THE LATEX AGGLUTINATION METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF HCG, NO AGGLUTINATION INDICATES THE? | PRESENCE OF HCG |
| CAN A URINE SPECIMEN FOR PREGNANCY TESTING BE FROZEN? | YES |
| T/F: A FALSE-POSITIVE REACTION IN A LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR HCG CAN BE CAUSED BY TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE | FALSE |
| If the first line of nonspecific body defense, intact skin, is cut with a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, which cellular component of the immune system quickly responds? | NEUTROPHILS |
| Place the stages of phagocytosis in the correct sequence of occurrence | chemotaxis, adherence, engulfment, phagosome formation, fusion, and digestion and destruction |
| Primary phagocytic cells | PMN leukocytes AND Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages |
| Recognition of foreign antigen | LYMPHOCYTES |
| Antibody-synthesizing cells | PLASMA CELLS |
| Homeostatic regulator of inflammation | EOSINOPHIL |
| High concentrations of heparin and histamine | BASOPHIL |
| Principal leukocyte associated with phagocytosis | NEUTROPHIL |
| What is the source of undifferentiated T lymphocytes? | BONE MARROW |
| Surface markers on lymphocytes can be used to: | a. identify and count CD4+ and CD8+ cells. b. classify leukemic cells. c. monitor patients on immunotherapy. |
| Cluster designation (CD) antigens are involved in various lymphocyte functions, which can include: | a. promotion of cell to cell interactions and adhesion. b. transduction of signals that lead to lymphocyte activation. |
| When mature T lymphocytes leave the thymus, their T cell receptors are either CD4+ or _______. | CD8+ |
| Play a greater role in the regulation of antibody production and the release of cytokines required for B cell differentiation | Helper T type 2 (Th2) |
| Responsible for cell-mediated effector mechanisms | Helper T type 1 (Th1) |
| Regulatory T (Treg) | Are an immunoregulatory type of helper T cells (Th cells) |
| 80% OF T LYMPHOCYTES | BLOOD |
| 60% OF T LYMPHOCYTES | LYMPH NODES |
| 10% OF T LYMPHOCYTES | BONE MARROW |
| Complement is characterized by all except: | normally present in the circulation as an active enzyme |
| Functions of the complement system include: | a. host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis. b. clearance of apoptotic cells. c. clearance of immune complexes from the tissues. |
| The classic complement pathway is activated by: | factor B |
| The alternate complement pathway is activated by: | bacterial exotoxins |
| The physiologic or cellular consequences of complement activation can include: | a. production of inflammatory mediators. b. cytolysis or hemolysis. c. opsonization. |
| The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by all except: | the complement cascade reaches full amplitude at this stage |
| Increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections can be caused by: | a. deficiency of the opsonic activities of complement. b. any deficiency that compromises the lytic activity of complement. c. deficient function of the mannose-binding lectin pathway. |
| Interferons: | mediate the early immune response to viral infections. |
| Which of the following characteristics is representative of C-reactive protein (CRP)? | a. The first acute-phase reactant to become elevated b. Nonspecific indicator of inflammation c. Acute-phase reactant |
| The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for all except: | diagnosis of viral septicemia. |
| The definition of the term agglutination is? | ALL OF THE ABOVE: a. visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies. b. formation of a framework in which antigen particles or molecules alternate with antibody molecules. c. term used to describe the aggregation of particulate test antigens. |
| Precipitation is the term applied to? | aggregation of soluble test antigens |
| An artificial carrier could be: | BOTH A AND B: a. latex particles. b. colloidal charcoal. |
| With agglutination inhibition in pregnancy testing, a negative result is evidenced by _____________________. | agglutination |
| The first phase of agglutination represents: | BOTH A AND C: a. physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the erythrocytic membrane. c. a reversible chemical reaction. |
| The most efficient type of antibodies in agglutination reactions are _________. | IgM |
| Anti–human globulin (AHG) is used to: | form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes. |
| Prozone phenomenon? | An excessive antibody concentration produces a false-negative reaction |
| Postzone phenomenon? | An excessive antigen concentration results in no lattice formation |
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