11380356
Description
Flashcards by Judy Stephenson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Vivi Grace
about 8 years ago
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Copied by Judy Stephenson
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How was Australia first politically run? | > By a single governor who had autocratic (unrestricted) power. |
| Why was did Australia start off as an autocratic government? | > Because it was a nation made up predominantly of convicts, and Britain considered the nation unfit for democracy. |
| When and why did Britain start considering allowing Australia to become a 'responsible government'? | In the mid-nineteenth century, as transportation of convicts to Australia slowed, and the population of convicts and ex-convicts decreased. |
| What is a 'responsible government'? | A government that is accountable to the representatives of the people. |
| What was Australia's first step towards a responsible government? | The passing of the New South Wales Act of 1823 by British Parliament. |
| What did this act allow? | It allowed members of the colony to play a limited role in the law-making process. |
| When was the first constitution created and what did it introduce? | 1842, and it introduced limited voting rights and expanded the membership of the Legislative Council. |
| What were the main arguments against federation? | > Protectionism (protect local industry from external competition) > Loss of colonial power (larger states take power, smaller states take tex income) > Great distances between all the colonies > The Labour movement (security of workers' rights) > Cheap labour (restriction of immigration of Pacific Islander workers) > Greater economic concerns (the Great Depression) |
| What were the main arguments for federation? | > Development of Australian nationalism > Immigration restriction (desire to create a 'White Australia') > Security and defence (a stronger, more united defence force) > Free trade (removal of tariffs = cheaper for consumers) > Improved communications (connections between colonies = stronger political links) > Single railway network (easier to travel from colony to colony) > Support of Britain (Britain wanted to loosen control of its colonies by establishing responsible governments) |
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