1147250
Description
Flashcards by Kristi Brogden, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kristi Brogden
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is involved in a modular architecture for multifunctional systems? | Largely independent parallel processing functional units Each with: Specific functional objectives Specialised sensory input Specialised behavioural output |
| What is the selection problem? | There are competing functional (motivational) systems. At any point in time which should be allowed to direct motor output? (behaviour) |
| What are the features of competing functional systems? (3) | Spatially distributed Processing in parallel All act through the final common motor path |
| Has the evolution of the basal ganglia in amniotes(i.e. mammals, birds and reptiles) been conservative? | Yes. The basal ganglia in modern amniotes are very similar in connections and neurotransmitters. |
| What is the disorder of selection in parkinsons disease? | Akinesia - the inability to disinhibit (and therefore select) any channel Bradykinesia - Partial ability to disinhibit |
| What is the disorder of selection in ADHD, Schizophrenia and tourettes? | Dysfunctional 'soft switching' Winners win small, losers lose small Vulnerable to interrupt |
| What is the disorder of selection in OCD and drug addiction? | Dysfunctional 'Hard switching' Winners win big, losers lose big Resistant to interrupt - Perseveration(repetition of a particular response) |
| What is thorndikes law of effect? | "Any act which in a given situation produces satisfaction becomes associated with that situation so that when the situation recurs the act is more likely than before to recur also" I.e. Any act which produces satisfaction associated with a situation is more likely than before to be repeated in that situation |
| What is reinforcement learning? | Processes which bias future selections |
| Where are processes of reinforcement likely to operate? | Within a selection machine |
| What is known to provide a reinforcement signal? | Phasic dopamine |
| What are the features of the phasic dopamine signal? (3) | Short latency (70-100ms) Short duration (~ 100ms) burst of impulses Elicited by biologically salient(noticable,vital) stimuli |
| What are reward prediction errors? | Unexpected sensory events that are 'better' or 'worse' than expected |
| What do reward prediction errors do? | Reinforce the selection of actions that will maximise the future acquisition of reward |
| What is goal-directed control? | Selection determined by the values of the outcomes of competing actions |
| What is habitual control? | Selection determined by competing stimulus-response associations |
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