11908628
Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Teleological | Comes from the Greek Telos, ‘purpose’. The notion that something has a purpose. |
| The Design Argument | The argument that the world has been designed and so this is evidence for a Designer, ie, God. |
| William Paley (1743-1805) | The proponent of the best known modern version of the Design argument. |
| Argument from Analogy | Analogy occurs when something is like something else in several key ways. Here, the World is like a watch. |
| Natural Theology (1802) | Paley’s book, in which he sets out his argument. |
| Creationist | Any Christian who believes the world was created by God precisely as in the Book of Genesis. |
| David Hume (1711-1776) | A strong critic of the Design argument. |
| Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) | David Hume’s book in which he attacks the Design argument. |
| The Epicurean Hypothesis | The notion that the universe consists of particles in random motion, in infinite time. Every possibility would be realised. |
| Charles Darwin (1809-82) | Proposed The Theory of Evolution, explaining the complexity of the world entirely in terms of natural processes. |
| On The Origin of Species (1859) | Darwin’s chief work, in which his explanation was first put forward. |
| Natural Selection | According to Darwin, the mechanism by which biological organisms evolve from lesser to greater complexity. |
| Richard Dawkins (20th C) | An English zoologist, and militant atheist, who uses Darwin’s theory to attack all religion. |
| The Fine Tuning Argument | A modern version of the Design argument which takes its cue from astrophysics, rather than (like Paley) from biology. |
| Isaac Newton (1642-1727) | Proposed a version of the Fine Tuning argument as long ago as the 17th century. |
| Philosophiae Naturalis Principia (1687) | The book in which Newton proposed his version of the Fine Tuning argument. |
| William Lane Craig (20th C) | Supports the Design argument. Wrote a paper called, ‘The Design Argument and the Anthropic Principle’. |
| The Strong Anthropic Principle | The idea that the universe is set up in such a way that intelligent life had to emerge. Implies a God. |
| The Weak Anthropic Principle | The idea that the universe must look designed to any creature intelligent enough to ask. Agnostic about God. |
| Brandon Carter | Suggested the first Weak Anthropic Principle, in 1974. |
| FR Tennant | Suggested the first Strong Anthropic Principle, in 1930. |
| Philosophical Theology (1930) | Tennant’s major work, in which he first suggested the Strong Anthropic Principle. |
| John Leslie (20th C) | A critic of the Weak Anthropic principle. Uses a thought experiment, involving a firing squad, to make his point. |
| The Many Universes Hypothesis | There are many universes: at least one of them had to be finely tuned, so Fine Tuning is not evidence for a Designer. |
| John Earman | A critic of the Many Universes hypothesis. |
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