11925325
Description
Flashcards by Becca McNally, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Becca McNally
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What's the Arthropod Body plan? | Jointed Limbs Segmented Body Design |
| What is an Arthropod? | Share with Annelids: Through Gut Ventral Nerve Cord, segmental ganglia Dorsal circulatory system Differ from annelids: External skeleton Paired jointed limbs (each segment) |
| The Arthropod Skeleton | Chitin (polysaccharide), proteins and mineral salts |
| What sheds in an Arthropod and why? | Cuticle shed periodically to allow room for growth It is a hormonally-mediated process (ecdysis) |
| What do all Arthropods share? | Segmented body Chitinous skeleton Jointed Appendages |
| How many species of Arthropod are there? | Most Diverse Phylum 1,100,000 species (85% of animal diversity) 3-30+ million species |
| Where do Arthropods mainly habituate? | Tropical Insects Others deep sea |
| What is an Arthropods their Ecological Range? | Occur in all environments (Deep Ocean, High Mountains, Forest canopies, Glaciers and Caves & deep crevices) |
| What are the various parasites of Arthropods? | Sacculina (barnicle parasite) and Pentastomida (lungs and nasal in vertebrates) |
| What are the various reasons for arthropod success? | Biodiversity (70% all species) Ecological Range (all habitats and vast range of ecological niches) Ecological Importance (global ecosystems) Historical Persistance (540 MYA) |
| What body plans determine arthropod success? | Body Size (8 orders of magnitude, 3mm) Cuticle (skeletal support, impermeable to water, unique flexibility) Flexible Bauplan (tagmosis- head, thorax and abdomen) |
| What is speciation rates? | Number of species in a group that is a balance between speciation and extinction |
| What is in the Insect nervous system? | Brain Subesophageal Ganglion Thoracic Ganglia Abdominal Ganglia |
| What are the 5 major Arthropod groups? | Crustacean Hexapoda Trilobitomorpha Cheliceriformes Myriapoda |
| What are the unifying features of Arthropods? | 5 segmented head Trunk divided into 2 tagmata Biramous limbs Carapace Nauplius larva |
| What era do Crustacea come from? | Cambrian marine |
| How many Crustacean species are there? | 67,000 living, more to be discovered |
| What is contained within the 5 segmented head? | 2 pairs antennae mandibles secondary mouthparts (maxillae) |
| What 2 parts consist in the trunk? | Thorax Abdomen |
| What is part of the biramous limbs? | 2 branched limbs However some secondary uniramy (single limbs) are widespread |
| What do Remipedia contain? | Biramous appendages |
| What is consisted in the Carapace? | Cephalic shield (reduced in some groups) |
| What is consisted in the Nauplius larva? | Median simple eye 3 pairs setose appendages which become 2 pairs antennae and mandibles These are suppressed in groups that have direct development |
| What are the 3 aspects of crustacean diversity? | 1) Diversity of segments in 1 species 2)Segment diversity between species 3) Diversity of segment morphology during ontogeny |
| What are Hexapoda? | Insects and Allies |
| What do Hexapoda contain? | 3 pairs of walking limbs 3 tagmata Primarily terrestrial (devonian origin- 390 MYA) 950,000 extant species 30 living orders |
| What are the living orders of Hexapoda? | Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Hemiptera (true bugs) Coleoptera (beetles) Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) Diptera (true flies) Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Mantophasma (heel walkers) |
| What are random insect facts? | They are Abundant 200 million for every human alive Acre of pasture- 250 springtails Tropical forests (40% animal biomass, 60,000 species) Ant colony (22 million) |
| What are the insect success factors? | Body Size Cuticle Flexible bauplan Evolution of Flight Metamorphosis |
| What are the concepts of flight? | Wingless insects only 1% of extant species Key to success in terrestrial 300 MYA Carboniferous Period Allows escape from predators and patchily distributed resources Outperform birds and bats |
| What is the Evolution of Flight? | Not simple modified limbsthat represent novel structures Evolved small limb branches Gene expression patterns |
| What are the 2 kinds of Metamorphosis and how do they happen? | Hemimetabolous that allows adults and young to exploit different niche spaces to avoid wing damage and it dominates. The other is incomplete metamorphosis which is consistent of 3 stages; egg, nymph and adult. They are wingless. |
| What are the Insect Limitations? | Size (size of organism is limited by respiratory system as the trachea needs to be directly diffused into the cells. This becomes more difficult in bigger insects) Marine insects as flight not an advantage in sea |
| What are Trilobitomorpha? | These are Trilobites. They are benthic deposit feeders, that are scavengers and predators. Planktonic filter feeders |
| What era do Trilobitomorpha come from? | They come from Palaeozoic seas that dominated the Cambrian and Ordovician period. (440-550 MYA). |
| How many species of Trilobitomorpha are their? | 4,000 species known |
| What are Cheliceriformes? | Spiders and Scorpions. They contain 2 tagmata, a prosoma and opisthosoma. Many are terrestrial but have a cambrian marine origin. |
| What do Cheliceriformes contain? | No antennae Presence of chelicerae and pedipalps. |
| How many species of Chelideriformes are there? | 80,000 species and are 2nd only to insect diversity on land? |
| What are some scorpion characteristics? | Produce stalked spermatophores Male pedipalps modified for sperm transfer Scorpion chelae are also pedipalps |
| Describe the Evolution of silk | The fibrous protein is rich in glycerine alanine and serine-produced as a water soluble liquid. It is 5 times stronger than steel and more elastic than nylon. The silk is produced from spinnerets at the end of the abdomen. |
| What are Myriapoda? | They are centipedes and millipedes. |
| What are the 4 groups of Myriapoda? | Chilopoda (centipedes) Diplipoda (millipedes) Pauropoda Symphyla |
| How many species of Myriapoda are there? | 14,000 species and some are still awaiting discovery |
| What era do Myriapoda come from? | They have an aquatic origin in the Ordovician period, 500 MYA. Early terrestrial taxa were large and modern taxa are terrestrial. |
| What are Chilopoda? | Chilopoda are centipedes (active predators). They have 1 pair of legs per segment. |
| What do Chilopoda consist of? | Long legs Leg Length increases down the Trunk Dorsal Cuticle plates overlap segments (scutigera) Compound eyes |
| What is are species of Chilopoda? | Geophilomorpha (burrowers) Lithobiomorpha (active predators; well-developed eyes, serrated bases to poison claws) Scolopendromorpha (active predators; well-developed eyes and painful bite) |
| What are Diplopoda? | Millipedes which are Detritivores. They are burrowers in soil and litter. They have 2 pairs of limbs per visible body segment. |
| What are 3 species of millipedes? | Polyxenida which is the sister to all extant millipedes. They are soft bodied, bristly, spermatophores. The other species is Pauropoda and Symphyla which are soil dwellers. |
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