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| Question | Answer |
| what are the 3 layers or arteries/veins? | tunica intima (innermost) -single layer of flat epithelial cells w/ supporting layer of elastin rich collagen. tunica media - smooth muscle, elastic fibres tunica externa (aka adventitia, outermost) - made of fibrous connective tissue and vasa vesorum |
| what are anastomoses? | arteries communicate with one another form anastomoses. these can be anatomical or functional. |
| what is collateral circulation? | an enlargement of these anastomoses. provides an alternative route of blood flow if a main vessel were to be blocked |
| what borders the femoral triangle? | superiorly - inguinal ligament medially - adductor longus laterall - iliotibial tract |
| what is the order of vessels in the femoral triangle? | NAVY - nerve, artery, vein, Y fronts |
| where does femoral artery begin? | after the inguinal ligament. |
| what does it divide into? | PROFUNDAL FEMORIS -provides a network of lateral vessels,. and SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY - comes down front of leg medially, then becomes popliteal artery, then divides into 3 in calf (anterior tibial artery, tibial peroneal artery, peroneal/fibular artery) |
| what are the location of pulses? | femoral - halfway between anterior superior illiac spine & pubic symphisis popliteal - above and behind knee dorsalis pedis -top of foot, lateral to tendon tibial - medial side of ankle axillary - inferiorly on lateral wall of axilla brachial - inside of upper arm, near elbow radial- lateral aspect of wrist ulnar - medial side of wrist carotid - neck |
| what is atherosclerosis? | most common type of arteriosclerosis (walls of arteries harden and thicken) characterised by calcification and plaque formation |
| what is intermittent Claudication? | leg angina, exertional pain, typically in calf have to stop amd rest then improves |
| what is an aneurysm? | collection of blood in an artery, localised dilation of the affected artery over 50% of normal diameter, can rupture. EVAR surgery used as treatment. |
| what is an embolism? | blockage of a vessel distant from its site of origin by a solid, liquid or gas |
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