Green Cards

Question	Answer
22. What type of circulation pattern is generally the most efficient and flexible?	22. A linear layout (also called a dumbbell layout) is generally the most efficient and flexible of these.
21. What type of conceptual plan arrangement could be used as a nondirectional way to focus attention on a space?	21. A centralized plan arrangement could be used to accomplish this.
20. What type of workflow is represented by this diagram? Image: Photo_on_8-27-14_at_2.43_AM_copy (image/jpg)	20. This is a graphic representation of departmental workflow.
19. What are the four possible ratings for a LEED-certified project?	19. From highest to lowest, the possible ratings for these projects are Platinum Gold Silver Certified
18. What four types of information should be included in every programming document?	18. Every document of this kind should list - the client's goals goals and objectives - required spaces and area requirements - required adjacencies between spaces - specific client requirements for budget, schedule, furnishings, equipment, And mechanical and electrical systems
14. What i whats programming?	14. This is the process undertaken before design during which all pertinent information about a project is collected and analyzed.
13. What does post-consumer mean?	13. This adjective describes a material or product that has said its intended use and has been recovered from waste destined for disposal.
12. What are post – industrial (or pre-consumer) materials?	12. These are scrap or trim materials generated in the manufacturing process have been recovered or diverted from solid waste.
11. What is adaptive reuse?	11. This is the practice of reusing existing buildings and materials from buildings as much as possible.
10. What are five common hazardous materials found in existing buildings?	10. Five common ones are - Asbestos - Vermiculite - PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) - Lead - Radon
9. What are nine common biological contaminants often found in buildings?	9. Nine common ones are Mold Mildew Bacteria Viruses Mites Pollen Animal dander Dust Insects
8. What are volatile organic compounds (V OCs)?	8. Basic chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that vaporizer room temperature and pressure.
7. What is displacement ventilation?	7. This is an distribution system in which supply air originates at floor level and rises to return air grilles in the ceiling.
6. What is building commissioning?	6. This is the process of inspecting, testing, starting up, and adjusting building systems and then verifying that the systems are operating as intended and that they meet design criteria.
5. What is composite wood veneer?	5. This is a product made from slicing readily available, fast fast-growing trees into veneers, dying the veneers, and then gluing them together to create an artificial log. The log is then re–sliced to produce a variety of wood veneers.
4. In terms of its sustainability, what are the primary advantages and disadvantages of aluminum as a construction material?	4. This material has a high potential for recycling, but it requires a large amount of energy for manufacture.
3. WhatIs is embodied energy?	3. This is the energy required by a product or material for its extraction as a raw material, initial processing, and subsequent manufacturer into the finished product.
2. What are the four stages of the product's lifecycle?	2. The stages of this process include Raw material acquisition Manufacturing Use and maintenance Disposal
1. But two things must've designer know about a space before the necessary number of exits can be determined?	1. Before designer can determine how many of these immediate, but the floor area and the occupancy you must be known.
15. According to the book Problem Seeking by William Pena, et al., what are the five steps in the programming process?	15. The five steps in this process are 1. Establish goals 2. Collect facts 3. Uncover concepts 4. Determine needs 5. State the problem
16. How does a programmatic concept differ from a design concept?	16. The first is a performance requirement that is related to general methods of solving a problem for satisfying a need. The second is a specific physical response that is an attempt to satisfy the first.
17. In terms of the programming process, what are the three components of flexibility?	17. The three components of this aspect of programming are - Expandability - Convertibility - Versatility
23. What voluntary, consensus–based national standard for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings was established by the US Green building Council?	23. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) was established by this organization.
24. What activities does the Greenguard Environmental Institute conduct?	24. This organization tests products for acceptable indoor air quality standards and registers the products it certifies.
26. What three activities to Scientific Certification Systems conduct?	26. This organization certifies - environmentally related product attributes - environmentally preferable products - well– managed forests
26. What is the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?	26. This nonprofit organization is devoted to encouraging the responsible management of the world's forests.
27. What is outgassing?	27. This is the release of toxic gases from a material, typically after the material has been installed.
28. What is the primary concern related to indoor and quality paint come?	28. With this will finish, the primary concern related indoor air quality level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
29. What is sustainable design?	29. This term encompasses the various strategies employed to achieve a balance between the consumption of environmental resources and then the renewal of those resources throughout the entire lifecycle of a building.
30. What type of conceptual plan arrangement is represented here? Image: Flashcard_30 (image/jpg)	30. This is a representation of an axial plan.
31. What type of funny metric relationship could be used to functionally and perceptually link to spaces?	31. An overlapping relationship could be used to accomplish this.
32. What client–approved document should be available to the designer before the schematic design process begins?	32. Good business practice requires that a client-approved program be available before this phase of work begins.
33. What is the minimum diameter of the circle in which a wheelchair can turn?	33. The minimum diameter for this is 60 inches.
34. When a door is approached perpendicularly to its opening, what is the minimum maneuvering clearance for wheelchair access at the strike side of the door opening on the pull side of the door?	34. Minimum wheelchair maneuvering clearance in this situation is 18 inches.
35. How high above the floor must it grab bar be mounted?	35. This accessibility feature must be mounted between 33 inches and 36 inches above the floor.
36. What is the maximum allowable slope for an accessibility ramp?	36. The maximum slope for this accessibility feature is one vertical unit for every 12 horizontal units, Or 8.33%.
37. In addition to a specific diameter and mounting height, what other hand rail feature is required on an accessible stairway?	37. I'm accessible stairway, this feature must extend beyond the upper and lower risers.
38. Where are detectable warnings required?	38. These are required on walking surfaces in front of hazardous vehicular areas.
39. According to the ADAAG regulations, what is the maximum vertical reach dimension for accessibility?	39. The maximum dimensions for this, for either a front or side approach, is 48 inches. Under previous regulations, a 54 inch dimension was allowed for a side approach.
40. What is the minimum clear floor space required to accommodate one stationary wheelchair?	40. The minimum clear floor space required for this is 30" x 48".
41. What is the minimum dimension for the space labeled A? Image: Flashcard_41 (image/jpg)	41. The minimum width for this sort of passage is 32 inches.
42. What is the minimum clear width of an accessible toilet stall?	42. Sixty inches is the minimum clear width for this accessibility feature.
43. To be classified as accessible, what is the maximum allowable vertical change in floor level?	43. To be classified as accessible, this construction element must not have a vertical change exceeding 1/4 inch.
44. For an accessibility ramp, what is the maximum rise allowed between landings?	44. For an accessible ramp, this must be no more than 30 inches.
45. According to ADAAG regulations, what two types of alarms are required for accessibility?	45. ADAAG regulations require these to be both audible and visible.
46. In accessibility regulations, what type of provision might require that a certain percentage of seating in area be accessible?	46. This is an example of a scoping provision.
47. For a corridor in commercial construction, what minimum width is required, and what width is recommended?	47. The minimum width for this component of a space plan is 44 inches, but they recommended width is 60 inches.
48. What are two sustainable types of wood flooring?	48. Two examples of this are - Bamboo - Palm Wood
49. What type of construction element is shown, and what are the components labeled A, B, and C? Image: Flashcard_49 (image/jpg)	49. This illustration shows a section of a standard wood doorframe in a wood stud partition, including the stop (component A), the casing trim (component B), and the shim (component C).
50. What are the components of a fire–rated door assembly?	50. These consist of the door itself (including glazing, if any), the frame, and hardware.
51. What are the three most common types of interior glazing?	51. The three most common types are – Float – Tempered – Laminated
52. What are the primary elements used to make bronze?	52. Copper and tin are used to make this material.
53. What is a concrete masonry unit?	53. This building product, abbreviated CMU, is also commonly known as concrete block.
54. What is a sole plate?	54. This is a horizontal wood member that Service as the base for the studs in a wood stud partition.
55. What is mean radiant temperature	55. This is a measure of the heat a person gains from or losses to his or her surroundings through radiation. It is used in assessing how comfortable A room is. The value is a weighted average of the various surface temperatures in a room (taking into account and occupants angle of exposure to the surfaces) and any sunlight present.
56. In terms of wallboard partitions, what are the common differences between residential and commercial construction?	56. The first typically uses to 2x4 wood studs with 1/2 inch wallboard, while the second typically uses metal studs with 5/8 inch wallboard.
57. What are the standard depths of metal studs?	57. Standard depths for these construction components are 1 5/8 inch, 2 1/2 inch, 3 5/8 inch, 4 inches, and 6 inches.
58. What is the generic name for fire–rated gypsum wallboard?	58. Type X is the generic name of this material.
59. What are four advantages of using Portland cement plaster as a finish material?	59. As a finish material, this has the advantages of being – Hard and abrasion resistant – Water resistant – Easily formed into curved and ornate surfaces – A good base for wall tile
60. What are four disadvantages of using Portland cement plaster as a finish material?	60. As a finish material, this has the disadvantages of being – More expensive than gypsum wallboard – Slower to construct with the gypsum wallboard – Wet and messy to work with – Challenging to work with, thus requiring more-skilled labor
61. In this diagram of a door opening, what are the components labeled A, B, and C? Image: Flashcard_61 (image/jpg)	61. The three components shown are A. head B. jamb C. threshold
62. What is a pivot?	62. This is a type of hardware used to hang doors. It consists of a rotating bottom pin and a corresponding pin at the top of the door.
63. What type of construction element is shown, and what are the components labeled A and B? Image: Flashcard_63 (image/jpg)	63. This illustration shows a suspended gypsum wallboard ceiling, including (A) a cold–rolled steel channel, sometimes called a black iron, and (B) a furring channel, sometimes called a black hat channel.
64. What's four characteristics distinguish a fire-rated, suspended acoustical ceiling from a non-rated standard ceiling?	64. The distinguishing characteristics of this type of ceiling are – It is only part of the entire fire-rated floor/ceiling assembly – Its tiles must be rated mineral tiles – It uses hold-down clips – It must have expansion slots in the grid
65. In regards to construction, what is a plenum?	65. In commercial construction, this is the space between the building structural roof or floor and the suspended ceiling. more here: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/plenum
66. What effect does an acoustical ceiling have on sound?	66. This construction element mainly absorbs sound.
67. Stainless steel is primarily an alloy of steel and an additional element. Which one?	67. Chromium is added to steal to create this material.
68. What process occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of water?	68. The process that occurs under these conditions is galvanic action. Galvanic action is a form of electrochemical corrosion in which one metal gives up electrons to the other, corroding quickly love flowing the other metal's corrosion.
69. What type of steel floor or roof framing system provides generous space in both directions for pipes, ducts, and conduit?	69. This is the primary benefit of an open–web steel joist system.
70. What aren't the two major types of concrete structural systems?	70. The two major types are – Cast-in-Place – Precast
71. What type of concrete system is likely to be somewhere floor-to-floor heights are kept to a minimum?	71. A flat plate construction system would probably be used in this situation.
72. What type of precast structural member is often used to provide support as a beam and as floor decking?	72. A double-tee is often used in these two applications.
73. What I live loads?	73. These are the weights of people, furniture, and movable equipment.
74. What type of load is created on a building by the force of wind or an earthquake?	74. In lateral load on a building is caused by one of these forces.
75. What is required at the top of the partition to accommodate the deflection of the floor above?	75. A slip joint is required atop the partition to compensate for this condition.
76. What is a cord drill?	The sixth. This is a small hole with a diameter of 2 inches to 4 inches drilled through a concrete floor to accommodate conduits for electrical, telephone, and data wiring.
77. Why should post -tension concrete slabs never be cut into?	77. The tendons of this construction element should never be cut because they are under high stress.
78. What are joists, and what are they typically made of?	78. These are horizontal repetitive elements used to support floors. They are typically made from wood members with a nominal width of 2 inches.
79. What is the typical spacing for residential studs and joists?	79. These construction elements are typically spaced 16 inches on center.
80. What is a chase wall?	80. This consists of two runs of studs separated by space large enough to accommodate pipes.
81. What is an access door?	81. This is an opening used to provide access to mechanical and electrical components behind walls.
82. What electrical components are required for switches, outlets, lights, and locations where electrical conductors have been spliced?	82. Junction boxes are required at these locations.
83. What is it dedicated circuit?	83. This is a circuit that contains a single electrical outlet.
84. What is a ground fault interrupter?	84. This is an electrical safety device that detects small current leaks and disconnects the power to circuit.
85. What are the components labeled A through D, and what purpose does each serve? Image: Flashcard_85 (image/jpg)	85. (A) stack vent: connects to a soil or waste stack above the highest fixture (B) vent stack: a vent pipe that is separate from the soil or waste stack (C) soil stack: carries human waste (D) waste stack: carries waste other than human waste
86. What is the purpose of the plumbing trap?	86. This plumbing component holds a quantity of water to provide seal to prevent gases from the sewage system from entering the building.
87. In regard to interior design, what is compartmentation?	87. This is the practice of separating areas of a building with fire-rated construction in order to contain a fire to one area and limit its spread.
88. What two methods to used to measure speech privacy and hoping offices?	88. Two methods used to measure this are – Articulation class – Articulation index
89. What are four types of fire detection devices?	89. Four types of these are - Photoelectric detectors - Rise-of-temperature detectors - Ionization detectors - Flame detectors
90. What is an intumescent material?	90. This is a material that, when exposed to heat, expands rapidly and insulates or fills spaces to prevent the passage of fire and smoke.
91. What are the components labeled A through D? Image: Flashcard_91 (image/jpg)	91. These components are (A) Run of the stair (B) Tread (C) Nosing (D) riser
92. What is a flight in stairway?	92. This is a series of two or more risers between bottom floor or landing and the next.
93. What is a type of stairway that has tapered treads that are wider at one end than at the other?	93. What is a winding stairway?
94. What two materials have largely supplanted plywood in interior construction applications?	94. Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard have generally supplanted this material in interior construction applications.
95. What is a jalousie [jal-uh-see] window?	95. This window type consists of individual horizontal pieces of glass that all pivot outward at once for ventilation. learn more: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jalousie
96. What are five causes of building movement that must be considered when detailing?	96. This may be caused by – dead-load deflection - lateral loading from wind or seismic activity - water absorption - live-load deflection - temperature changes
97. What is tolerance?	97. This is the amount of allowable variation from a given line, dimension, or size.
98. What is direct glare?	98. This results when a light source in the field of vision causes discomfort and interference with a visual task.
99. What is a veiling reflection?	99. This results when a reflection causes glare that interferes with a visual task.
100. What is a three-way switch?	100. This is a device that allows users to control away from two different locations.
101. What is the clerestory?	101. This is a vertically glazed area place between two different levels to admit natural light.
102. What is the unit of measure for the frequency of sound?	102. That hurtz (Hz) is the unit of measure for this and is equal to 1 cycle per second.
103. What is the unit of measure for sound intensity, based on a logarithmic scale?	103. The decibel (dB) is the unit of measure for this.
104. What do most people perceive when a sound increases by 10 dB?	104. When sound increases by this amount, most people perceive a doubling in loudness.
105. What frequency range can be heard by most healthy young people?	105. A range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
106. What are the two most important variables in controlling sound transmission through a building?	106. The two most important variables affecting this are – Mass – Stiffness
107. What is the sound transmission class (STC) of a partition?	107. This is a single-number rating of partition's ability to reduce sound transmission.
108. What is the coefficient of absorption?	108. This is the ratio of the sound intensity absorbed by a material to the total sound intensity reaching the material.
109. What is the noise reduction coefficient (NRC)?	109. This is a single-number average of the material's coefficients of absorption at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz, rounded to the nearest 0.05.
110. What is reverberation time?	110. This is the time it takes for the sound level in a space to decrease 60 dB after the source has stopped producing sound.
111. In a large room, where is the most effective place to install a sound-absorbing material?	111. In a large room, the ceiling is the most effective place to install material.
112. What are the five basic ways to control sound transmission through a partition?	112. Five ways to accomplish this are to – Increase the mass – Provide additional resilience – Insulate the cavity – Seal all cracks between construction components – Provide sealed openings, such as doors and windows
113. What are some ways to increase speech privacy and a large space?	113. Five ways to accomplish this are too – Use highly absorptive ceiling materials – Use space dividers to reduce sound transmission – Create distance between noisy activities – Arrange hard surfaces to minimize reflected sound – Use a well-designed background masking system
114. What is the stealing attenuation class (CAC)?	114. This is a single-number measure of the transmission lost through ceiling tiles between two closed rooms where there is no barrier above the suspended ceiling.
115. What percentage range of the commercial building's total energy use is typically devoted to electrical lighting and the cooling requires?	115. 30% to 40% of the commercial building's total energy use is typically devoted to this.
116. What is char?	116. This is the material remaining after an incomplete combustion.
117. What is the Taber test (also known as ASTM D3884) used for?	117. This test is used to determine the abrasion resistance of carpet and sometimes other textiles.
118. What is considered a minimum coefficient of friction for safety?	118. For safety, a value of 0.5 is considered to be minimum for this coefficient.
119. What is the 701 test?	119. This is a common name for the vertical ignition test developed by the National Fire Protection Association, which is used to test the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments.
120. What is the CAL TB 133 test?	120. This test evaluates the response of an actual sample of furniture to an open flame. It is also known as NFPA 266 or the full seating test.
121. What is the Wyzenbeek test (also known a the ATSM D4157) used for?	121. This is used to determine the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics.
122. of what are some authoritative sources for product information?	122. This kind of information is found in - Manufacturers' product catalogs - Manufacturers websites - Manufacturers' representatives - Trade associations - Sweets Network Online
123. How does an independent furniture rep differ from a manufacturers rep?	123. This type of furniture representative is self-employed and made a present more than one manufacturer.
124. What are two places and interior designer could take a client to the furniture directly?	124. The designer could accomplish this by going to a dealership or showroom.
125. What does "FOB factory" mean?	125. This means that the title for goods purchased is transferred at the factory. The manufacturer pays for loading the goods onto a truck or train, and the buyer pays the transportation costs and is responsible for damage during shipping.
126. It was possible for making the acceptance inspection of furniture or fixtures?	126. The owner is responsible for this aspect of FF&E delivery.
127. What is a daylight factor (DF)?	127. This is the ratio of the indoor illuminance at a point on horizontal surface to the unobstructed exterior horizontal illuminance.
128. What is abrasion resistance?	128. This is the ability of the material or finish to resist being worn away or to maintain its original appearance when dropped with another object.
129. What is stain resistance?	129. This is a material's resistance to a change in appearance after the application and removal of another material.
130. What fabric is made from the fibers of the flax plant?	130. Fibers of this plan are used to make linen.
131. What are the main advantages of acrylic as a furniture fabric	131. The main advantages of this fiber as a furniture fabric are – Moderately good strength – Resilience – Resistance to sunlight – A marked similarity to wool
132. What are the many batches of nylon as a furniture fabric?	132. The main advantages of this fiber as a furniture fabric are – Exceptional strength – High resiliency – High elasticity – Resistance too many chemical stains – Resistance to microorganisms – Good water resistance
133. What is fuzzing?	133. This describes the appearance of the fabric when small fibers work out of the yarn onto the surface.
134. What are three common ways to attach fabric to cushioning?	134. This is commonly accomplished in one of three ways. – Buttoning – Tufting – Channeling
135. What are three common cushion materials?	135. Three common materials for this purpose, from highest flammability resistance to lowest, are – Polyester batting – Polyurethane foam – Cellulosic batting
136. What are Roman shades?	136. This type of shade pulls up with the cord into accordion folds.
137. In regard to interior design, what is detailing?	137. This is the process of determining a design's technical requirements–that is, how the individual components will fit together and exactly how they will look.
138. In regard to selecting construction materials and detailing, what three safety factors must be considered?	138. These three factors are – Structural – Fire – Human contact
139. When our furniture specifications used?	139. These are used on large commercial projects when the designer and client want bids from one or more dealers for the items and accessories to be purchased, and when the dealer will be excepting responsibility for ordering, installing, billing the client.
140. What is indentation load deflection?	140. This is a measure of the firmness of foam used for furniture.
141. What is the purpose of the performance specification?	141. This kind of document shows what results the final construction assembly must achieve without stating exactly what the product must be or what procedures must be followed.
142. What is a project manual?	142. This is a bound book that contains – Technical construction specification – Contract forms – General and supplementary conditions of the contract – Bidding requirements (if used) – Supplemental bid forms (if used)
143. What is a proprietary specification?	143. This is the most restrictive kind of specification because requires the use of specific manufacturers' products.
144. What system was created to standardize the organization and writing for specifications, and what group developed it?	144. The MasterFormat TM system was developed by the Construction Specifications Institute and Construction Specifications Canada to accomplish this.
145. Individual specification sections of the CSI MasterFormat system are divided into three parts. What broad subjects do these three parts cover?	145. The sections are divided into three parts. Part one. General Part two. Products Part three. Execution
146. What parts of the specification should include requirements for sustainability?	146. The specification, requirements for this aspect of interior design, which encompasses energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and other areas, are included in Division 01, General Requirements, and in each appropriate technical section.
147. What CSI division would contain specifications for interior signage?	147. CSI Division 10, Specialties, would contain the information for this.
148. What CSI division would contain the specifications for doors?	148. CSI Division 08, Openings, would contain information for these.
149. What are construction drawings?	149. These are detailed drawings the contractor uses to construct the project and describe the extent of the work and the locations, dimensions, and relationships of the various construction elements.
150. How is the MasterFormat system organized?	150. This system for standardizing specifications is organized into major subgroups and individual divisions within each subgroup.
151. What does a design office used to maintain consistency, completeness, and accuracy when writing specifications?	151. A design office uses master specifications, or guide specifications, for this purpose.
152. What type of specification specifies a proprietary material while still satisfying requirements for public bidding?	152. A base-bid, or approval equal, specification meet these requirements.
153. What is a reference standard specification?	153. This document describes the requirements for a product or process based on an accepted authority or text method, such as ASTM, ANSI, or a trade association.
154. What does a typical floor plan show?	154. This type of drawing shows the overall configuration of the building (or portion of an interior under contract). It includes all partitions, doors, and other fixed elements and gives dimensions, notes, and references to elevations and details drawn elsewhere.
155. What does a reflected ceiling plan show?	155. Is drawing type shows all items that are part of the ceiling, elements that touch the ceiling, and elements that penetrate the sealing.
156. In regard to construction drawings, what does an elevation show?	156. This type of drawing shows vertical dimensions and the configurations and finishes of wall surfaces
157. What is a title block?	157. This is the area of a drawing sheet that contains identifying information about the project as well as information specific to that particular sheet.
158. In regard to contraction finds what is layering?	158. This is the method of placing different information on separate levels a CAD System when creating a contraction drawing.
159. In regard to electrical drawings, what is a home run?	160. This is a graphic element on an electrical drawing that uses arrowheads to indicate that the line joining lights or power outlets is connected to a particular circuit breaker in a particular electrical panel box.
160. What are the four components labeled A through D? Image: Flashcard_160 (image/jpg)	160. On an HVAC plan, These are the symbols for (A) fire damper (B) return air diffuser (C) round flexible duct (with the size given) (D) supply air diffuser with one quadrant blocked off and air directed as shown by the arrows
161. What type of schedule is this? Image: Flashcard_161 (image/jpg)	161. This is a graphic representation of the critical path method (CPM) schedule.
162. What kind of drawing is often used as an aid in developing a design concept when the proposed project will occupy more than one floor building?	162. A stacking diagram is often used in this kind of situation.
163. What type of scheduling chart looks like a bar graph?	163. A Gantt [gant] chat looks like this. Image: gantt-chart-template-640 (image/jpg)

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