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Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

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A level Biology (2.1.6 Cell Division, Cell Diversity + Cellular Organisation) Flashcards on Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis, created by Yinka F on 30/01/2018.
Yinka F
Flashcards by Yinka F, updated more than 1 year ago
Yinka F
Created by Yinka F almost 7 years ago
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Question Answer
What are alleles? Different versions of a certain gene
What are homologous chromosomes ? Pairs of matching chromosomes (chromosomes are the same size and have the same genes)
Complete the sentence: Normal body cells have the _________ number (____) of chromosomes Normal body cells have the DIPLOID number (2n) of chromosomes
Complete the sentence: Gametes have a ___________ number of chromosomes (__) Gametes have a HAPLOID number of chromosomes (n)
What is the name for the diploid cell produced by fertilisation? Zygote
What are the 8 steps of meiosis? Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2
What happens during prophase 1? Chromosomes condense Homologous chromosomes pair up Crossing-over occurs Centrioles move to poles Nuclear envelope breaks down
What happens during metaphase 1? Homologous pairs line up at the equator Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres
What happens during anaphase 1? Spindles contract, pulling the pairs apart
What happens during telophase 1? Nuclear envelope forms Cytokinesis occurs 2 haploid daughter cells produced
What happens during prophase 2? Centrioles move to poles (right-angle to the previous division) Nuclear envelopes break down
What happens during metaphase 2? Chromosomes line up at equator Spindles attach to centromeres
What happens during anaphase 2? Spindles contract, pulling each sister chromatid to the poles
What happens during telophase 2? Nuclear envelope forms Cytokinesis occurs 4 haploid daughter cells produced
How does genetic variation occur during meiosis? Mutations Crossing-over of chromatids (same genes, different combinations of alleles), forming a chiasma Independent assortment of chromosomes
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