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Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
over 6 years ago
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Copied by Mrs Z Rourke
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell |
| What is the function of the cytoplasm? | Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen |
| What is the function of the mitochondria? | Where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell |
| What is the function of the vacuole? | Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm |
| What is the function of the cell wall? | Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell |
| What is the function of chloroplasts? | Contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy. This is where photosynthesis occurs. |
| Why do you need to use a stain, such as iodine, to view cells under a microscope? | Biological stains allow greater detail of cells to be seen |
| In what way is an electron microscope better than a light microscope? | There is greater magnification in an electron microscope than a light microscope so more detail can be seen |
| Definition of a tissue. | Groups of similar cells with a similar function |
| Definition of organ. | Several different tissues performing specific functions. |
| What is meant by the term specialised cells? | Cells that are adapted for specific functions |
| What is diffusion? | Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| What is osmosis? | Movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane |
| HIGHER What is active transport? | Movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy in the form of ATP |
| What is an enzyme? | Biological catalyst - speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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HIGHER
What are enzymes made up of?
Image:
Enzyme (binary/octet-stream)
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Amino acids - amino acids join together in a long chain which fold to form a specific shape |
| Describe the function of enzymes' action (lock and key hypothesis). | |
| What 3 factors affect enzyme activity? | Temperature pH Substrate concentration |
| Temperature - explain what is happening in the graph. | 37°C is the optimum temperature for this enzyme. Below 37°C, the enzyme and its substrate don't have enough energy to make successful collisions. Above 37°C, it is too hot and the enzyme denatures so the rate of reaction goes down. |
| pH - explain what is happening in the graph. | The peak of the line is the optimum pH. Above and below the optimum, the enzyme denatures so the reaction rate decreases. |
| Substrate concentration - explain what is happening in the graph. | As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases up until a point. At this point, the rate of reaction levels off as all of the active sites are full. |
| What does optimum temperature mean? | The temperature an enzyme works best at. |
| What does optimum pH mean? | The pH an enzyme works best at. |
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