Created by Nicole Roberts
about 10 years ago
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Question | Answer |
3 Distinct layers in PCV tube | The plasma column at the top The packed erythrocytes at the bottom The small, middle white band known as the buffy coat |
Icterus | Excessively yellow pigmentation of the plasma that suggests hyperbilrubinemia |
Lipemia | White, opaque coloration of the plasma column because of the presence of chylomicrons. Most commonly is associated with the postprandial collection of blood, also disorders involving lipid metabolism. |
Hemolysis | Red discoloration of the plasma column, which results from artifactual lysis of red cells induced during collection of blood. |
Total Leukocyte Count | the concentration of nucleated cells |
Blood smear | to determine the concentrations of individual leukocyte types and evaluating abnormalities of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. |
Within the counting area you will obtain the differential leukocyte count by classifying a minimum of ___ consecutively encountered cells. | 100 |
6 categories of normal cells | Neutrophil Band Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil |
Conversion of % counts to absolute concentrations | Total WBC count = 10,000/uL Differential WBC count - Ex: Neutrophils 60% = 6000 Absolute Numbers Lymphocytes 30% = 3000 Monocytes 5% = 500 |
Platelet adequacy | Minimum of 8-12 platelets/oil immersion high power (1000x) field is considered adequate - if platelets appear decreased, search for platelet clumping on low power setting at feathered edge |
Hemoglobin Concentration | the index of the red cell mass per unit volume of blood in the patient |
Mean cell hemoglobin | calculated from the hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte concentration |
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration | MCHC calculated from the hemoglobin concentration and the hematocrit Calculation: HGB/PCV% x 100 = MCHC Example: 10/30% x 100 = 33.3 g/dL |
MCHC for all mammalian species | ranges from 33-38 g/dL camel family is higher 41-45 g/dL |
Severe hemolysis in the sample is a common cause of an increased MCHC | True |
Erythrocyte agglutination, as may occur in immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, may result in a false high MCHC | True |
Erythrocyte concentration | measured directly by counting the erythrocyte particles in an isotonic dilution of blood |
How is the hematocrit (HCT) calculated? | using the erythrocyte concentration (RBC) and the mean cell volume (MCV) MCVxRBC/10 = HCT MCV 70 x 7.00 RBC/10 = HCT 49% |
Cats are an exception in that their platelets are approx twice the volume of those in other domestic species | True |
The reticulocyte concentration is very useful in the evaluation of _______ | Anemia |
Absolute Reticulocyte Concentration | Calculated: RBC/uL x % Reticulocyte = Reticulocytes/uL |
Reticulocyte concentration is... | most useful in dogs and cats and sometimes cows. Horses do not release reticulocytes Reticulocyte Concentration to be expected when the HCT is normal: Dogs and Cats = 0-60,000 cells/uL Cows = 0 cells/uL |
Guidelines for the interpretation of reticulocyte concentrations with respect to the type of anemia present: | Nonregenerative anemia to very poor regeneration = 0-10,000 cells/uL Nonregenerative to poorly regenerative anemia = 10,000-60,000 cells/uL Regenerative anemia with mild to moderate output = 60,000-200,000 cells/uL Maximal regeneration = 200,000-500,000 cells/uL |
In dogs, reticulocyte maturation occurs in... | 24-48 hours |
Maturation involves what | a continuum of progressive loss of the visible organelles |
Complete blood count includes: a) Direct Measurements | PCV Hemoglobin concentration Red Cell Concentration (RBC) Mean Cell Volume (MCV) White Cell Concentration Plasma proteins Platelet concentration Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) |
Complete blood count includes: b) Microscopic procedures | Differential white cell count Red cell morphology Platelet morphology and assessment of adequacy Microscopic reticulocyte enumeration in patients with anemia |
Complete blood count includes: c) Calculations | Hematocrit Erythrocyte indices (MCHC, MCH, RDW) Absolute white blood cell differential values Absolute reticulocyte count |
The Coombs Test | or antiglobulin test used as an aid in establishing the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia by detecting species-species immunoglobulin that is absorbed or attached to the surface of erythrocytes |
False-negative reactions are a common problem with the Coombs test | True |
Spectrophotometry | should be applied when the instrument being used has the ability to produce light of a variety of wavelengths through some type of light-fractionating device such as filters, prisms, or diffraction gratings |
Absorbance Spectrophotometry | technique in which concentrations of substances are determined by directing a beam of light through a solution containing substance to be detected and then measuring the amount of light that either of these absorb |
Monochromator | optical device between the light source and the measuring cuvette |
Cuvettes are also known as what | absorption cells |
Glucose is metabolized at a rate of ____ per hour if left in contact with cellular element | 10% |
The most common procedure for making a quality blood film is the wedge technique and uses two glass slides | True |
BUN stands for what? BUN tests what? | Blood Urea Nitrogen Kidneys |
Antibodies or immunoglobulins are what? | proteins produced by differentiated B-lymphocytes. |
5 classes of antibodies | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) |
Primary function of erythroyctes is | to transport hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues |
Polychromatophilic cells are | young erythrocytes that have been released early |
Poikilocytes | abnormally shaped erythrocytes |
______ is classified as either regenerative or non regenerative | anemia |
Most nonregenerative anemias are | normocytic |
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