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| Question | Answer |
| What are the two types of diabetes? | Type 1 (juvenile onset) Type 2 (late onset) |
| What are the causes of type 1 diabetes? | An autoimmune disease that occurs when T-cells attack and destroy most of the β-cells in the pancreas OR β-cells are infected with a virus and the body destroys them |
| What are the causes of type 2 diabetes? | Cells become insensitive to insulin Caused by choices in lifestyle Often associated with obesity |
| Compare the insulin production in type 1 and type 2 diabetes | TYPE 1 Little to none TYPE 2 Normal but cells cannot use efficiently OR Not enough |
| Describe the body's reaction to insulin in type 1 diabetes | Pancreas is no longer able to produce insulin. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to a build-up of glucose in the blood |
| Describe the body's reaction to insulin in type 2 diabetes | Type 2 occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin to function properly, or the cells don't react to insulin. Receptors to insulin are desensitised |
| What are the symptoms and complications of high blood sugar? | SYMPTOMS Increased thirst + urination Weight loss Fatigue Blurred vision COMPLICATIONS Blindness Kidney damage Extensive nerve damage Atherosclerosis |
| What are the symptoms of low blood sugar? | Shaking Fast heartbeat Sweating Dizziness/weakness Extreme hunger |
| Describe the treatments for type 1 diabetes | Inject insulin Follow a diet plan Exercise regularly |
| Describe the treatments for type 2 diabetes | Making lifestyle changes (e.g. eating healthily, losing weight, exercising regularly) if condition worsens, medication may be used to keep glucose concentration at normal levels |
| Human insulin can be made by GM bacteria. Why might using GM bacteria be much better than using pig insulin? | Cheaper than extracting it from animal pancreases Large quantities can be produced GM bacteria make human insulin (less likely to be rejected or to have an allergic response) Some people prefer insulin from GM bacteria for ethical/religious reasons |
| Describe one way in which diabetes could be cured | Stem cells are grown into β-cells, which would then be implanted into the pancreas of a person with type 1 diabetes. This means the person would be able to make insulin as normal |
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