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| Question | Answer |
| What is the formula for hydrochloric acid? | HCl |
| What is the formula for sulphuric acid? | H₂SO₄ |
| What is the formula for nitric acid? | HNO₃ |
| What is the formula for ethanoic acid? | CH₃COOH |
| What is the formula for sodium hydroxide? | NaOH |
| What is the formula for potassium hydroxide? | KOH |
| What is the formula for ammonia? | NH₃ |
| TRUE OR FALSE: H⁺ ions are never found by themselves in water | TRUE They're always combined with H₂O to form hydroxonium ions (H₃O⁺) |
| What happens when acids are mixed with water? | All acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) |
| What happens when bases are mixed with water? | Alkalis (bases that are soluble in water) release OH⁻ ions in solution |
| Give the general equation for the reaction of an acid with water | HA + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A⁻ |
| Give the general equation for the reaction of a base with water | B + H₂O ⇌ BH⁺ + OH⁻ |
| What is the difference between a strong acid/base and a weak acid/base? | STRONG Nearly all of the acid/base will dissociate (or ionise) in water, and nearly all of the H⁺ ions or OH⁻ ions are released WEAK Only a small amount of the acid/base will dissociate in water and only a few H⁺ ions or OH⁻ ions are released |
| Give the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a base | Acid + Base --> Salt + Water |
| Give the word equation for the reaction between acids with metals | Metal + Acid --> Salt + Hydrogen |
| Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and metal oxides | Metal oxide + Acid --> Salt + Water |
| Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and metal hydroxides | Metal hydroxide + Acid --> Salt + Water |
| Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and carbonates | Metal carbonate + Acid --> Salt + CO₂ + H₂O |
| Name two main indicators used in acid-base titrations (including the colour change) | Methyl orange (yellow --> red = alkali --> acid) Phenolphthalein (pink --> colourless = alkali --> acid) |
| What is a standard solution? | A solution that has a precisely known concentration |
| How are standard solutions made? | By dissolving a known amount of solid in a known amount of water to create a known concentration |
| What is the equation used for finding the concentration and volume of a standard solution? | c₁V₁ = c₂V₂ |
| What are polyprotic acids? | Polyprotic acids donate more than one proton |
| What are diprotic acids? | Diprotic acids donate 2 protons (e.g. H₂SO₄) |
| What are triprotic acids? | Tripotic acids donate 3 protons (e.g. H₃PO₄) |
| Complete the sentence: Compared to a monoprotic acid, you'll need _________ the number of moles of _______ to neutralise a diprotic acid, and ______ for triprotic | Compared to a monoprotic acid, you'll need DOUBLE the number of moles of BASE to neutralise a diprotic acid, and TRIPLE for triprotic |
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