12449552
Description
Flashcards by Cali Miller, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Cali Miller
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| ad hominem abusive | fallacy that attacks the the character flaws of a person instead of the argument |
| ad hominem curcumstantial | fallacy that occurs when someone's argument is rejected based on circumstances of that person's life |
| Tu Quoque | when one person tries to disregard the issue at hand by claiming the other person is a hypocrite |
| Appeal to the people | when an argument manipulates a psychological need/desire so that an individual will accept a conclusion (usually used in ads) |
| Hasty Generalization | when someone uses a small sample from a group and uses it to describe the entire group (argues from specific to general) |
| Composition | 1. the mistaken argument that an attribute of individual parts of an object transfers to the entire object as a whole. 2. the mistaken transfer of an attribute of the individual members of a class to the entire class as a whole |
| Division | 1. the mistaken transfer of an attribute of an object as a whole to the individual parts of that object 2. the mistaken transfer of an attribute of a class to the individual members of the class |
| Post hoc | when one makes a false assumption because one event occurred after another event, the first event must have caused the second. (coincidence) |
| Begging the question | 1. when the premise is reworded in the conclusion 2. a set of statements that seem to support each other with no clear beginning or endpoint ("circular reasoning") 3. the argument assumes key information that may not be supported by facts |
| Unqualified Authority | argument that relies on opinions of people who either have no experience, training or knowledge relevant to the issue at hand, they are unqualified to talk about the issue |
| Equivocation | when the conclusion of an argument relies on an intentional/unintentional shift in the meaning of a term or phrase that was used in the premise |
| Straw Man | a fallacy that occurs when attention is purposely diverted from the issue at hand and statements intending one thing are subtly distorted in order to divert emphasis to different issue |
| Accident | when a generalization or rule is applied inappropriately to the case at hand (the wrong assumption that a generalization/ rule is universal) |
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