1248932
Description
Flashcards by Nicole Bolo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nicole Bolo
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 2 components of stains | chromogen & auxochrome |
| 2 types of stains | acidic & basic |
| edescribe: acidic dye | views (+)-ly chraged cell components (proteins); e.g.: nigrosin, eiosin Indian ink |
| describe: basic dye | views the (-)-ly charged cell components (DNAA, ccell walls); e.g.: methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet; more common |
| type of stain which differentiates Clostridium from Bacillus | Endospore stain |
| stain used to bacteria which cannot undergo Gram staining | Acid-Fast stain |
| regent used in Acid Fast staining | carbol fuschin |
| e.g. of organism for Acid Fast stain | Mycobacterium |
| reason for bright bg for Brightfield Microscopy | transmitted light is absorbed |
| rationale: Phase-contrast microscopy | diff. in phases & WL of light transmitted and light reflected |
| special component in Phase-Contrast microscope | annular stop |
| reason for dark bg for Darkfield Microscopy | transmitted light not absorbed |
| special thing about Fluorescent microscope | Fluorophore |
| rationale: Fluorescent microscope | conversion of a long WL to a shorter WL |
| source of intense beam in fluorescent microscope | mercury vapor arc lamp |
| rationale: Differential-Interference Contrast Microscopy | source of light: 2 light beams perpendicular at each other |
| special equipment use din Atomic Force Microscopy | cantilever and laser |
| rationale: Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy | uses a laser as light source, surface detected by sensor, generates 3d image |
| ~WL used in EM | 0.005 nm |
| compare: SEM vs TEM | SEM: 3D image; e- on the surface TEM:higher resolution, 2D image, e- transmitted |
| equipment used to physically break whole cells | Dounce homogenizer |
| what is prostheca? | feet-like projection in Caulobacter |
| 3 importance of shape | - variety with uniformity, active modification of shapes, evolutionary progress |
| 2 largest bacteria | Epulopiscium fishelsoni Thiomargarita nambiensis |
| 2 smallest bacteria | Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pelagibacter |
| explain: the Goldilocks theory | protozoan predators prefer intermediate-sized bacteria as preys |
| 3 reasons why bacteria are small | - theoretical limits, SA/V ratio, intracellular mixing |
| compare: Archaea vs Bacteria & Eukarya cell membrane | A: L-glycerol, ether-linkage, branched isoprene chains B&E: D-glyccerol, ester-linkage, unbranched fatty acid chains |
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