12658068
Description
Flashcards by Emma Fletcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Fletcher
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What makes bacteria Gram-positive? | It has a thick layer consisting of peptidoglycan, outside of the plasma membrane. |
| What makes bacteria Gram-negative? | It has a thin layer of consisting of peptidoglycan inside of an outer membrane consisting of lipopolysaccharides |
| Why is Gram-negative bacteria more resistant to antibiotics? | The outer lipopolysaccharide layer is protective against antibiotics and the enzyme lysozyme, so it makes it more difficult to kill. |
| What are the types/shapes of bacteria? | Coccus (sphere), Bacillus (Rod), Spirillium (helical) |
| How do you Gram Stain? | 1. Crystal violet (stains purple) 2. Acetone (gram negative - removes outer membrane, exposing peptidoglycan layer) 3. Red Safranin (stains gram negative red) |
| What are the Aseptic Techniques to inoculate bacteria? | 1. Equiptment in autoclave at 121 degrees for 15 mins. 2. Wash hands before and after with antibacterial soap 3. Use a sterile petri dish with sterile agar jelly 4. Plate is to be inoculated close to a bunsen burner. So the updraft moves airborne bacteria away. 5. Lid of culture bottle removed and kept in hand, neck of bottle to be flammed. 6. A flamed inoculating loop is to be used to transfer bacterial culture to the agar plate 7. When inoculating the plate, the lid of petri dish is to be opened just wide enough to add sample. 8. Plate secured with adhesive tape. |
| What are optimum conditions for growth? | 1. nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus)(glucose, vitamins, water) 2. Temperature 3. pH 4. Oxygen (?) |
| What are the names given to bacteria, which describe their relationship with oxygen? | If they require oxygen - obligate anerobes If oxygen inhibits function - obligate anaerobes If they can function without oxygen, but it is prefered - facultative anaerobes |
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