12658551
Description
Flashcards by Emma Fletcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Fletcher
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 4 types of human damage to environment | 1. Habitat destruction (deforestation, drainage of wetlands, removal of hedgerows) 2. Pollution (pesticides, greenhouse gases, oil) 3. Overhunting (overfishing, hunting rare species) 4. Introducing non-native species into foreign environments (no natural predators, out compete native species) |
| 3 Aims Of Conservation | 1. maintain biodiversity 2. ensure survival of endangered species 3. conserve existing gene pools |
| 4 methods of conservation | 1. habitat protection via nature reserves 2. International treaties to restrict trade of endangered species and reduce pollution 3. Zoos to protect species and introduce breeding programs 4. sperm/ seed banks to prevent extinction |
| What is agricultural exploitation? | The way food production has increased in efficiency and intensity, so efforts are made to maximise yield to meet demand. |
| What is mechanisation? | The use of large machinery to tend to fields, results in large fields, removal of hedgerows so loss of biodiversity |
| what is Monoculturing? | The same crop grown every year, same nutrients removed from soil and are not replaced due to harvesting. Increase of fertilisers which are inorganic so cause eutrophication. |
| What is the problem of pesticides on environment? | Many are non-selective so kill many organisms and so cause a reduction of biodiversity |
| What are reasons for deforestation? | - land cleared for cash crops - large scale extraction for timber for building - land cleared for roads/ transport - wood to be used as fuel - manufacturing of paper |
| What are the consequences of deforestation? | - loss of habitat/ loss of biodiversity - loss of valuable sources of plant chemical with potential benefits to humans - removal of tree roots disrupt soil and reduce water removal from soil - flood and soil erosion - Forests regulate carbon dioxide in atmosphere - removing increases atmospheric CO2 by 30% |
| What are sustainable alternatives to deforestation? | 1. ensures timber production is sustainable 2. coppicing - stems cut from young tree, many new shoots grow out of stump 3. selective felling - oldest, largest tree removed and others remain - decreases soil erosion 4. Plantations - fast growing tree grown and cut down and replaced. |
| What is overfishing? | When harvest rate > birth rate, so population declines |
| what are the measures against overfishing? | 1. International agreements to try and regulate fishing 2. increase mesh size - immature fish can escape 3. exclusion zones - allow fish stocks to increase in overfished areas 4. fishing seasons - prevent fishing in breeding season 5. fishing quotas - limit number of fish caught |
| What are Fish Farms and the pros and cons? | Enclosed areas of natural environment pros: 1. natural stocks 2. high yield 3. less energy lost cons: 1. high density - increase spread of disease 2. use of antibiotics/pesticides damage other species and increase resistance 3. unethical and welfare issues |
| What is a planetary boundary? | 9 earth processes that possess abrupt and irreversible change of the environment |
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