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| Question | Answer |
| What is the job of a catalyst? | A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy |
| TRUE OR FALSE: The catalyst is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction | TRUE This saves a lot of money in industrial processes |
| Name the catalyst used in the Haber-Bosch process. What is the role of this catalyst in the process? | Iron catalyst Increases the rate of forming ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. This is important as the reaction has a very high activation energy (due to very strong N≡N bond) |
| How do catalysts lower activation energy? | When a suitable catalyst is present in a reaction, the reactant molecules bind to the catalyst. This makes it easier to break the bonds, and so the activation energy of the reaction decreases. The broken reactant molecules then form product molecules, and break away from the catalyst. |
| Describe the enthalpy diagram of an exothermic reaction with and without a catalyst |
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| Describe how the Boltzmann distribution curve changes when a catalyst is used and when it isn't |
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| What is a heterogeneous catalyst? | A catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants - i.e. in a different physical state (e.g. in the Haber process, gases are passed over a solid iron catalyst) |
| Complete the sentences: When using a heterogeneous catalyst, the reaction happens on the __________ of the catalyst. So, increasing the ___________ ________ of the catalyst increases the number of ____________ that can react at the same time, _______________ rate of reaction. | When using a heterogeneous catalyst, the reaction happens on the SURFACE of the catalyst. So, increasing the SURFACE AREA of the catalyst increases the number of MOLECULES that can react at the same time, INCREASING rate of reaction. |
| What is a homogeneous catalyst? | A homogeneous catalyst is in the same physical state as the reactants |
| What state is a homogeneous catalyst usually in? | Usually a homogeneous catalyst is an aqueous catalyst for a reaction between two aqueous solutions |
| How does a homogeneous catalyst work? | It works by forming an intermediate species. One or more products combine with the catalyst to make the intermediate species, which then reacts to form the products and reform the catalyst |
| Why are catalysts important in industry? | Catalysts can: Dramatically lower production costs Help make better products |
| Complete the sentences: Using catalysts means that lower ______________ and ___________can be used. So energy is saved, meaning less _____ is released, and fossil fuels are preserved. They can also reduce __________ by allowing a different reaction to be used with a better ________ ____________. | Using catalysts means that lower TEMPERATURES and PRESSURE can be used. So energy is saved, meaning less CO₂ is released, and fossil fuels are preserved. They can also reduce WASTE by allowing a different reaction to be used with a better ATOM ECONOMY. |
| Where are catalytic converters found? | On cars |
| What are catalytic converters made from? | Alloys of platinum, palladium and rhodium |
| What is the role of catalytic converters? | Catalytic converters reduce the pollution released into the atmosphere by speeding up the following reaction: 2CO + 2NO --> 2CO₂ + N₂ |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Catalysts last forever | FALSE Catalysts don't last forever and eventually need to be disposed of |
| Why is it wrong to send catalysts directly to a landfill? | Many catalysts contain toxic compounds which may leach into the soil |
| How are catalysts disposed of? | Converted into non-leaching forms If catalysts contain valuable metals (e.g. platinum), it's worth recovering and recycling it |
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