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| Question | Answer |
| Define general formula | An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds (a homologous series) |
| Define homologous series | A family of compounds that have the same functional group and general formula, with consecutive members differing by -CH₂ |
| What is the general formula for alkanes? | CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ |
| What is a molecular formula? | A molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| What is an empirical formula? | An empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound |
| What is a structural formula? | A structural formula shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups. For example, ethane has the structural formula CH₃CH₃ |
| What is a displayed formula? |
A displayed formula shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them
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| What is a skeletal formula? |
A skeletal formula shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. The hydrogen and carbon atoms that are part of the main carbon chain aren't shown
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| What are aromatic compounds? |
Compounds that contain a benzene ring
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| What are aliphatic compounds? |
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight branches, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
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| What is an alicyclic compound? |
An aliphatic compound containing a non-aromatic ring
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| What are alkyl groups? | Any hydrocarbon branched chains found in compounds with a branched carbon skeleton |
| What is the general formula for alkyl groups? | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁ |
| What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated compounds? | Saturated compounds only contain carbon-carbon single bonds (e.g. alkanes) Unsaturated compounds can have carbon-carbon double bonds, triple bonds or aromatic groups |
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