12745056
Description
Flashcards by Kyra Wilson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kyra Wilson
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ventilation System | |
| primary structures of the ventilatory system | Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli |
| functions of the conducting airways | Low resistance pathway for airflow Defense against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhales Warming and moistening the air |
| functions of the conducting airways X2 | Nose: Humidifies the air entering and filters particles (thanks to the Vibrissae). Pharynx: Air then passes through the 3 parts of the pharynx which offers a low resistance path for airflow into the larynx and then finally into the trachea. Larynx: In addition to its function as the 'voice box' it also protects the trachea from invasion of foods and fluids. |
| Pulmonary ventilation | inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs (basically breathing) |
| Total lung capacity (TLC) | volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation. The sum of the Vital capacity and residual volume. |
| Vital capacity (VC) | Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation |
| Tidal volume (TV) | Volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath |
| Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcefully |
| Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | additional inspired air over and above tidal volume |
| Residual volume (RV) | volume of air still contained in the lungs after a maximal exhalation |
| mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs | Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and gases inside the lungs. During inhalation the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm contract to expand the chest cavity. The diaphragm flattens and moves downwards and the intercostal muscles move the rib cage upwards and out. - This increases the space for the lungs. |
| mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs | This increase in size decreases the internal air pressure and so air from the outside (at a now higher pressure than inside the thorax) rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressures.When we exhale the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and return to their resting positions. This reduces the size of the thoracic cavity, thereby increasing the pressure and forcing air out of the lungs. |
| nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise | |
| Why do ventilation rates increase | breathing rate increases during exercise as the expiratory centre sends impulses to the expiratory muscles (internal intercostals) which speeds up the expiratory process; |
| Why do ventilation rates increase | increase CO2 causes the acidity of the blood to increase (decrease blood pH)/a change in acidity of the blood is detected by chemoreceptors which send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles which increase the rate of ventilation (faster/deeper); |
| What is Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin is the protein that allows oxygen to bind to a red blood cell. Hemoglobin contains a central Iron ion which can hold up to 4 oxygen atoms per heme. These oxygen atoms are then diffused into the tissues once they reach their target. While they are diffusing they are also picking back up CO2 & returning it back to lungs so you can exhale it into the atmosphere. |
| Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport | 98.5% of oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within the red blood cells |
| Gas Exchange | |
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