1280226
Description
Flashcards by Elyse Parcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elyse Parcher
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Culture | -Definition: habits, customs, art, religion, science, and the political behavior of a given group of people during a given period of time. -Cultures are said to be dynamic- each culture changing or evolving at its own rate |
| Macroculture vs. Microculture | Macro- dominant culture Micro- nondominant culture |
| Acculturation | Learning the expectations and behaviors of a culture |
| Universal Culture National Culture Regional Culture Ecological Culture | Universal Culture- implies that we are all genetically and biologically similar ("biological sameness) National Culture- determines language, political views, and laws Regional Culture- defines behaviors for certain regions Ecological Culture- where factors such as earthquakes, floods, and food supply influence behaviors |
| Racism | Occurs when one race views itself as superior to others -A given race has a set of genetically transmitted characteristics such as Caucasian, African American, or Asian. |
| Ethnocentrism | When a given group sees itself as the standard by which other ethnic groups are measured |
| Emic vs. Etic | Emic approach- the counselor helps the client understand his or her culture Etic approach- counselor focuses on the similarities in people, treating people as the same |
| Autoplastic-Alloplastic Dilemma | Autoplastic implies that the counselor helps the client change to cope with his or her environment Alloplastic occurs when the counselor has the client try to change the environment |
| Test Bias | Tests and nosological systems such as the DSM can have a Eurocentric or Euro-American bias. |
| Paralanguage | Implies that the client's tone of voice, loudness, vocal inflections; and speed of delivery, silence, and hesitation must be taken into consideration. -it is part of the study of nonverbal communication which is usually considered more accurate than verbal communiation |
| Low Context Communication vs. High Context Communication | LCC implies that there will be a long verbal explanation HCC relies on nonverbals that are readily understood by others in the culture |
| Stereotyping | The act of thinking that all people in a group are alike |
| Prejudice | Occurs when we have an opinion based on insufficient evidence |
| Androgynous/Androgyny | The notion that psychologically healthy people possess both masculine and feminine characterisitics |
| Proxemics | Addresses the issue of personal space, also known as spatial relations; communication and social relations are impacted by proxemics |
| Mean Tests | -determine whether a client is eligible for a social program or benefit such as temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) or food stamps -income and assets are often used to make this determination - often contrasted with social insurance programs such as social security for which an extremely wealthy person would qualify |
| Social Comparison Theory | -popularized by early research conducted by Leon Festinger -postulates that we evaluate our behaviors and accomplishments by comparing ourselves to others |
| Anglo-Conformity Theory | Asserts that people from other cultures would do well to forget about their heritage and try to become like those in the dominant, macroculture |
| Five-stage Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (R/CID) aka Minority Identity Model | Model developed by Atkinson, Morten, Sue -not everyone goes through all stages and some individuals never progress beyond the second or third stage 1. Conformity- lean toward dominant culture and prefer a counselor from the dominant culture 2. Dissonance- question and confusion, prefer a counselor from a minority group 3. Resistance and Immersion- reject the dominant culture while accepting one's own culture 4. Introspection- mixed feelings related to the previous stage, prefer a counselor from one's on racial/ethnic group 5. Synergetic Articulation and Awareness- stop racial and cultural oppression, prefers a counselor who is same race/ethnicity, but has different beliefs |
| Native Americans | -often keep their suffering private -speak with few words and hesitate often -do not engage in eye contact while talking or listening -do not live by the clock -emphasize spirituality -may consider counseling in their home -story telling combined with advice giving is often effective |
| Counseling African Americans | -like to be taught concrete skills and strategies for change -systems-based family therapy that includes nuclear and extended family is effective -short-term counseling and behavioral modalities are often effective -counselor self-disclosure, topics related to spirituality, and group work may be beneficial |
| Multicultural Counseling Asian Americans | -have been called the most diverse group -characterized as patriarchal -academic and professional success is valued -they often speak very low -desire assertiveness training and therapies that emphasize insight or existential issues -counselor is seen as trained expert |
| Multicultural Counseling Hispanic and Latino(a) Amerians | -often benefit from catharsis and abreaction (getting feelings out) -psychodrama techniques, family therapy, and calling clients by their first names may well facilitate therapy -separation from one's family of origin is not a goal of therapy -the word "machismo" may be used to describe the fact that women are subservient to men and that men are expected to provide for the family |
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