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Flashcards by Siddhi Deshpande, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Siddhi Deshpande
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Explain history of Vipassana? | Vipassana is one of India’s most ancient techniques of meditation Guatam Buddha, more than 2500 years ago rediscover Vipassana -Mr. S. N. Goenka, who was disciple of Sayagyi U Ba Khin started teaching vipassana in 1969. - The current teacher of Vipasanna is Mr. S. N. Goenka, he was born in Burma (Myanmar). Vipassana i.e. Art of living, for universal ills is a technique was taught by Guatam buddha and The total eradication of mental impurities and the resultant happiness of full liberation is the aim of the Vipassana technique. Vipassana is achieved by self- transformation through self- observation. What vipassana focuses on the deep interconnection between mind and body. The interaction between mind and body is achieved by paying attention to the physical sensations that form life of the body and continuously interconnect and condition the life of the mind. |
| What are the benefits of vipasanna? | Operates one’s thoughts, feelings, judgments and sensation become clear. - It gives answers to how one grows or regresses, how one produces suffering, or frees oneself from suffering, for 10 days Vipassana is conducted. -To increased awareness, non- delusions, self- control and peace. -Vipassana used to develop a healthy mind. -The more the technique is practiced-the greater the freedom from misery and the ultimate goal of full liberation is achieved. |
| What is Transcendent Dimensions-? | Transcendence contains that what is seen is not all there is. -Transcendence involves processes connecting individual’s consciousness to a larger spiritual ocean. -It focuses on how harmonious contact with this "unseen world" and adjustment to it is beneficial. |
| How is each individual? | Each individual is unique, whole and cannot be understood in parts using the laws of physics or medicine as is the case in psychoanalysis and behaviourism. - Individuals create their own meaning and are the makers of themselves and their destiny. |
| For the Humanists, how human behaviour is understood? | -For the Humanists, understanding of human behaviour is best achieved through focusing upon the subjective experience of persons rather than the objective evaluation of behaviour. -There should be an emphasis on here and now. |
| What are humanistic Principles in Vipassana | 1. Each individual has inner tendencies toward development of his potential and to achieve wholeness, which is described in humanistic terms as self-actualization. 2. Behaviour abnormalities are manifestations of blocking or distortion of personal growth. 3. Consciousness is the unifying force. 4. It is natural for a pure mind to exhibit an innate capacity for love, compassion and altruism. 5. We live in a limited subset of our full potential. 6. For the Humanists, understanding of human behaviour is best achieved through focusing upon the subjective experience of persons rather than the objective evaluation of behaviour. 7. General critical dilemnas of life are not solved by intellectual exploration of the facts nor of the laws of thinking about them. 8. Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Individuals create their own meaning and are the makers of themselves and their destiny. 9. There should be an emphasis on here and now. |
| What are the Human Conditions under Vipasanna? | Freedome -Choice - -Surrender -. -Inner/outer worlds -. -Authenticity -. -Volition -. -Meaning and Purpose in Life – -Passion – -Death -. -God - |
| Write note on history of yoga? | -Eliade (1975) suggests that the first systematized form of Yoga could have been written by Patanjali in his Yoga Sutras. -Feuerstein (1998) dates the writing of the Yoga Sutras back to the Classical Age (100 BCE to 500 CE). - Bryant (2009) in his book The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali talks about images of figures in yogic postures. -The 3 Yoga- Sutras in Patanjali ‘s 8 Yoga Sutras are Asana - physical postures and stretches, Pranayama - breath work, and Dhyana - meditation, all of which are also mentioned in the Hatha Yoga Pradıpika. -Yoga, including meditation and breath work, has proven to be effective in reducing symptoms of several physical and psychological disorders. |
| What are main benefits of yoga? | -The physical practice of Yoga asana decreases stress, promoting increased relaxation and regulation at a psychological and neuromuscular level. - The yoga aids in the development of the self-soothing capacity of traumatized youth. - In the Harvard Mental Health, in 2009, an article entitled, ‘‘Yoga for Anxiety and Depression’’ spoke to the significance of yoga on stress. - By reducing perceived stress and anxiety, yoga appears to modulate stress response systems. This, in turn, decreases physiological arousal. -There is also evidence that yoga practices help increase heart rate variability. - Yoga helps to train the body to relax on a muscular level. - Allowing the stress response to be more easily managed. |
| What are the other benefits of yoga- | -Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified, yoga is helpful. -Yoga has also shown to improvement in mood. -Increase physical and emotional awareness. - Decrease eating disorder symptoms, improves the quality of the parent-child relationship. -Improves sleep patterns, and positively change the child’s approach to school. |
| How yoga is useful for clinical disorder? | .-Yoga has also been shown to benefit those with schizophrenia by reducing psychopathology when paired with standard psychiatric treatment. -It reduced psychotic symptoms and depression -Improved cognition enhanced social and occupational functioning. -Increased quality of life. -Reducing anxiety, depression, phobic behavior, and psychosomatic problems. |
| How yoga affect mood? | - The results showed that positive moods increased and negative moods decreased following yoga practice. -It increases ego strength, emotional stability, confidence, alertness, and perceived control over one’s environment. - Meditation can also be useful with deeper issues around personality and maturity. -Protecting against disorders such as anxiety and depression, and strengthening the already existing resources that every individual possesses. |
| How trauma affects body? | -Trauma symptoms arise when the arousal cycle cannot be completed, keeping the individual locked in an aroused state of fear. -This traps the traumatized person in a cycle of fear that affects the entire body, including the mind -It also affects the emotional system, and the neurological system that regulates the body. -They tend to rely on actions, such as fight or flight, or on pathological self-soothing. -Their ability to soothe themselves is compromised. |
| What is the treatment to trauma? | -Because trauma treatments often involve body-centered approaches to healing, a new body of research on the benefits of Yoga on trauma has just begun to emerge. (a) Learning to tolerate feelings and sensations by increasing the capacity for interception (b) Learning to modulate arousal. (c) Learning that after confrontation with physical helplessness it is essential to engage in taking effective action. (D) Grieving adults who participated in the yoga therapy intervention showed significant improvements in vitality and positive states. (E) They showed a trend toward improved satisfaction with life. (F) Doing yoga helped to strengthen the youth’s self-regulating ability. (E) By implementing yoga, boys learned how to develop effective attachments, empathy for others, trust, and a sense of security within the group. (G) Through yogic exercises, breathing, and meditative practices which can be taught in a workshop setting by the facilitator teaches, through the steps. (H) When longer this practices are practiced and when it can be integrated with most other therapeutic modalities, c |
| How mindfulness technique helped individuals to deal with trauma? | - Mindfulness techniques help individuals to re-focus on the present, allowing thoughts and feelings to be experienced without judgment. -Techniques that have a mindfulness component allow people suffering from PTSD to improve self-regulation. -Meditation also activates structures involved in attention and control of the autonomic nervous system. - Through the process of pendulation or titration- which is as follow- -Clients learn to move their awareness between creating a sense of safety in their bodies to briefly (30–60 seconds). -With experiencing the sensations associated with traumatic experience - Then moving back to that place of safety in their bodies. |
| Somatic psychology- | -A philosopher named Thomas Hanna first applied the term Somatic to the field of psychology in the 1970’s -Somatic psychology has been shown to be effective in treating symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, psychosomatic issues, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexual abuse, and other forms of trauma. - According to Hanna Soma means ‘Me, the bodily being’. - Sensorimotor Psychotherapy is the most recent approaches to somatic psychology. |
| Write note on development of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)? | 30 years age, JonKbat- Zinn Developed MBSR. - Initially developed for chronic illness and pain. - It has roots in ancient Buddhist tradition. - It has nothing to do with specific religious orientation or belief system. |
| What are theories and strategies of MBSR? | - It’s an 8 week class up to 30 participants, for 2.5 to 3 hours. - Raisin mindfulness exercise, body scan and sitting and walking meditation taught. - Focuses on each body parts, Hatha yoga and other mindfulness exercises. - The body scan serves important aspect of mindfulness such as- • Deliberately directing attention. • Being open and curios. • Returning to the present movement. • Creating non-judgmental attitude towards self. • Sitting meditation and breathing awareness. |
| How MBSR helpful to cancer? | - People suffer from cancer show psychological distress. - MBSR provides antidote to stressful thoughts. - It teaches people with cancer How to moderate their level of emotional arousal.- It increase self- efficacy. -Teach people how to hold experience in awareness. |
| What are the other benefits of MBSR? | - Improve self- regulation of emotion and cognition. - Fostering present movement awareness. - Help people to reduce regrets about the past and concern about future pain. |
| What is the current status of MBSR? | - It worked well with prisoners and successfully reduces stress and decrease anger. - It worked well with cancer women with heart disease improve relationship satisfaction. - It reduces smoking and worked well in workers wellness programs. - It worked well in hospitals and universities. |
| Explain development of mindfulness- based Cognitive Thearpy? | - It focuses on cognitive changes. - It achieved success in 1980s and captured attention of cognitive scientist. - Trio developed a manualized version of MBCT. - It is closely aligned with MBSR. |
| Explain theories and strategies of MBCT? | - It is more effective than maintenance with antidepressant medication in the treatment of relapse in depression. - It reduces avoidant and aversive feeling that keep the negative feeling in the mind. - It creates thoughts, in which the being mode is in touch with direct experience. - The result is openness to new experience. - Following are the components of mindfulness mediation that creates a process of self-regulation- • Attention regulation • Body awareness. • Emotional regulation • Change in perspective self. |
| Explain treatment of MBCT? | - The program of MBCT is for 8 weeks- 1-4- Developing skills, mindfulness meditation training, present movement awareness recognition of thoughts, emotions, bodily sensation. 5-8- shift toward recognition of more challenging thought and feelings, working on acceptance. -Therapist who conducts mindfulness meditation classes also embody spirit of mindfulness. - This provides attendees opportunity to learn from someone who has shared the same problems. - Using mindfulness, people learn to stay in the movement. - Using mindfulness, thoughts become clouds floating through client’s mind. \ |
| What is the current status of MBCT? | -It change the ways in which the brain functions. - It reduces emotions, improves rational decision making. - It helps to reduce relapse for drug and alcohol. - Useful for couple counseling, suicide prevention. - It helpful to accept thought and to be in present movement. |
| Explain concept of EMDR? | It developed to resolve symptoms resulting from disturbed and unresolved life events or experience - It uses a structured approach to address Past, present and future aspects of disturbed memories. - As well as its primary use for trauma and PTSD -It is also used for chronic pain, performance enhancement, smoking, depression, addictions and grief.— -EMDR is simply a form of desensitization. |
| How EMDR has got developed? | Invented in the 80’s by Dr Francise Shapiro. -Noted that disturbed thoughts disappear after engaging in a particular eye movement actually no longer upset her. - Began to study and note the effects on others. Thus developing and fine tuning EMDR. |
| Explain the process of EMDR? | The Theory suggests it helps the sufferer process distressing memories more fully - Thus reducing the distress -Its unique aspect it the bilateral eye movement -Also bilateral sound, tactile stimulation -Utilises bodies sensations and visualised images -EMDR appears to mimic what the brain does naturally on a daily basis during dreaming or REM sleep |
| . Explain how EMDR functions? | When the individual is traumatized they experience such strong emotions that it is thought to over whelm the brain. - Consequently the brain is unable to cope with it, or to process the information as it would do ordinarily. - Distressed experiences become “frozen in time “Become intrusive memories or action replays. -Reliving the event remembering the sights sounds smells -Have a long lasting effect on how the person sees themselves, people around them and the world. -Can really affect every part of the person’s life. |
| What are the benefits of EMDR? | -It has been demonstrated to have significant advantages over usual treatment for PTSD -More studies on the use of EMDR and PTSD than any other psychological treatment. - Shown to be an effective on measures of trauma, depression and anxiety in people who have been abused as children. - However it has been studied to be on a par with CBT, a lot of studies have indicated that there are few sessions needed with EMDR. -EMDR is highly effective. |
| . What are the guidelines for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder? | -Psychological interventions -All PTSD sufferers should be offered a course of trauma-focused -psychological treatment (trauma-focused cognitive behavioural -Therapy or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing). -These treatments should normally be provided on an individual outpatient basis. -A Trauma-focused psychological treatment should be offered to PTSD sufferers regardless of the time that has elapsed since the trauma. |
| What are 8 phases in EMDR? | 1) History Taking 2) Preparation 3) Assessment 4) Desensitisation 5) Installation 6) Body scan 7) Closure 8) Re –evaluation. |
| . Explain first phase? | First Phase- History taking -Treatment plan Identify and clarify potential targets and goals for EMDR -Targets refer to a disturbed issue, event or memory for use as an initial focus. |
| Explain Second Phase? | -Safe place to be identified such as images memory or something that elicits a comfortable safe feeling. -Can be used for later to bring closure to an uncompleted thought. -Help the client to tolerate an upsetting session. |
| Explain Third Phase? | - Snap shot image is identified that represents the target and the disturbance that is associated with it. -We use that image to help the client focus on the target and a negative cognition is identified. (A negative statement about the self that feels true when the client focuses on the image. -A positive cognition is also identified (positive statement ) |
| Explain Fourth Stage? | - Client to focus on the image, the NC and the disturbed emotion or body sensation. -Follow fingers. -Client asked to report on what thought feeling physical sensations images memories or changes that have come up. -To go with this thought. -The desensitization phase ends with checking the subjective unit of distress hopefully reaching 0 or 1. |
| Explain Phase five? | -This is the instillation stage. -Ask about positive cognition. -The view of the client at the original snap shot. -Maybe a stronger positive cognition is needed. -Client is asked to pull together the snap shot and the new PC. -Asked how the PC feels on scale of 1-7. |
| Explain six body scan ? | -Ask if there are pains any were in the clients body any stresses or discomfort. -If there are the client is asked to focus on this and a new set of movements are issued. |
| Explain phase seven? | Debrief the therapist gives the client appropriate information and support needed. |
| Explain Phase eight? | - Reevaluate. -Review the week with the client. -Discuss new sensations and experiences. -The level of disturbance arising from the experience. -Ensure of the correct processing of the relevant historical events. |
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