Digestion

Question	Answer
Why do animals need the digestive system?	To break down food into nutrients
What system transforms these nutrients?	Circulatory System
Why do cells need nutrients? What is the other name of the nutrients cells need?	To grow, maintain and repair. Macromolecules.
What are the types of macromolecules?	carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and protein
What is responsible for maintaining the body's metabolism?	The 4 categories of macromolecules working together
How are the nutrients from macromolecules absorbed?	They are broken down into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed by cells
What is hydrolysis?	It is the process where water is added to help break the bonds that hold the molecule
What are enzymes?	Protein molecules secreted by the cell in the digestive system that helps speeding up the process
Define Ingestion	Taking of nutrients
Define Digestion	Breakdown of complex molecules into smaller components
Define Absorption	Taking of digested molecules into the cells of digestive tract
Define Egestion	Removal of waste food material from the body
What are the types of micronutrients?	vitamins, minerals and water
What are the mechanical and chemical digestion on the mouth?	Mechanical - Teeth Chemical - Saliva
What is the esophagus?	It's a tube that transports food into the stomach by peristalsis
What are the functions of the stomach?	Stores food temporarily. Secretes gastric juices. Mechanically and chemically breaks down food.
What is pepsin?	An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids
What is the function of the liver?	Produce bile (that is stored on the gall bladder) and break up fats
What is the function of pancreas?	Produces enzymes to digest proteins and starch
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine and what are they for?	Duodenum - most digestion Jejunum and Ileum - absorption of nutrients and water
What is the function of the small intestine?	Where most of the chemical digestion happens and simple sugars and lipids are absorbed.
What is the function of villi?	Increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine
What are the undigestible solids?	Fibers
What are the functions of bacteria in the large intestine?	Break down undigested food, neutralise some harmful products, produce vitamins needed for blood clotting, support body's natural defences
Where is amylase made, where does it work and what is the substrate?	Made - Salivary Glands and Pancreas Works - Mouth and Small Intestine Substrate - Starch
Where is protease made, where does it work and what is the substrate?	Made - Stomach cells, Pancreas and and Small Intestine Works - Stomach and Small Intestine Substrate - Protein
Where are the bile salts made, where do they work and what is the substrate?	Made - Liver Works - Small Intestine Substrate - Fat
Where is lipase made, where does it work and what is the substrate?	Made - Pancreas Works - Small Intestine Substrate - Fat
Where is maltase made, where does it work and what is the substrate?	Made - Small Intestine Works - Small Intestine Substrate - Maltose

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	Created by Maria Cecilia Pinheiro over 6 years ago