Energy Done

Question	Answer
Energy Stores	Nuclear Energy Chemical Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Electrostatic Energy Kinetic Energy Thermal Energy Magnetic Energy Elastic Energy
Energy Transfers	Mechanically Electrically By Heating By Radiation
Chemical Energy	Where a Chemical reaction takes place
Thermal Energy	Also known as heat, it gives off heat
Nuclear Energy	Uranium and Plutonium these fuels under go a chain reaction.
Electrical Energy	Some objects carry an electrical charge that creates an electrical charge. This force can be exerted on each each other.
Electro-Static Energy	The build up of an electrical charge on a surface of an object.
Kinetic Energy	Every moving object has kinetic energy, the higher the mass and velocity the higher the Kinetic Energy
Magnetic Energy	Some objects can be magnetized, these then create magnetic fields
Elastic Potential Energy	It is stored in squashed or stretched materials.
Gravitational Potential Energy	The amount of energy that it gains depends on: - Mass of Object - Extra Height - Gravitational Field Strength
What are Sankey Diagrams	Sankey Diagrams shows the energy output and transfers that happens in a reaction/ use
The worst and best colours for absorbing heat	Worst: White Best: Matte Black
How does state affect the absorption of heat?	A solid is the best absorber as the molecules are tightly compact therefore need less heat to reach all the individual parts of the object. However the liquids take more time heat to heat up all particles as they are not strongly bonded. And gas would need a lot of heat to heat up an area as there is no bonds.
Differences in materials and how they absorb heat.	Metals are better absorbers than wood as it has free electrons which bounce around in the metal heating it up more quickly.
Best emmiters	Matte Black is the best colour to emmit heat as white reflects the heat back into the object making it hard for the heat to escape.
Convection	The heat source will make the air expand, this makes the particles move further apart from each other. This makes it less dense making the hot air rise. Then when it reaches the top it cools down. This means that the particles move back together making the air more dense hence making it sink. This process repeats and it's called convection.
Energy Flow Diagrams	They are very much like sankey diagrams however they don't have a value attached to the energy. It also shows the transfers of energy.
Insulation	The whiter the colour the better the insulator it is as it reflects more heat back into the object. Air traps heat, air is a bad conductor but a good insulator making. It useful in clothing and housing.
Kinetic energy equation	½ x mass x velocity^2
Velocity equation	square root 2KE / mass
Gravitational Potential Energy Equation	mass x gravitational field strength x height
Work Done Equation	force x distance moved
Power Equation	work done / time taken
Efficiency Equation	(useful energy output ÷ total energy output) × 100%
Wind Energy	The wind moves the turbine blades, this turns a generator which then converts the kinetic energy electrically into electrical stores which then are used for the targeted customers. Advantages: It is renewable and no emissions produced. Disadvantages: Not guaranteed all day, and quite expensive, very little energy produced by a single turbine. Obstructive to environment (hazard for birds).
Hydro Electric Energy	Water is stored in a reservoir, the water then gets slowly released through the dam barriers through a small passage making the water pressure very high passing. Passed through a turbine causing it to rotate and turn the generator and then converting it into electricity. Advantages: It is a renewable source, no emissions produced and controls water regulation protecting the area. Disadvantages: Very expensive to build and repair, if dam cracks can flood a big area destroying infrastructure and nature.
Geothermal Energy	Cold water is pumped into the earth's mantle, this causes the water to heat up and eventually turn into steam. This then comes back to the surface ( due to convection ) through another pipe making a turbine rotate, rotating then the generator which produces electricity. Advantages: Renewable and doesn’t produce emissions and is guaranteed. Disadvantages: However it is very expensive and can only be used where the earth’s crust is thin, or volcanic hotspots, (Iceland).
Solar Heating System	The sun's thermal energy heats the fluid in the solar collectors. Then, this fluid passes through a heat exchanger in the storage tank, transferring the heat to the water. This water is then used for hot showers, dishwashers and other uses. Advantages: Renewable energy source and doesn’t produce emissions, very efficient and reduces electricity bill. Disadvantages: The only use is to heat water and can be not used for anything else. It also has to be annually maintenanced.
Solar Energy	The suns ray land on the solar panel, the solar panel then converts the solar energy into electrical by Photovoltaic cells energy that can then be used for customers. Advantages: It is a renewable source of energy and doesn’t produce emissions and is available everyday, don’t need to spend as much money on utility bills. Disadvantages: Quite expensive to install and maintain need for a large battery bank for nightime. Not big yield in winter and cloudy days
Fossil Fuels	Fossil fuels are dead plants and animals that with pressure and heat have become a source of energy. It gets extracted from the earth or plants by mining or extraction. These fuels then get separated into different categories by fractional distillation. Then these fuels are used for all uses from powering our homes to making plastic. Advantages: Very efficient and can be used for many things. Disadvantages: They are nonrenewable and produce emissions such as CO2 and CO.
Nuclear Energy	Nuclear energy is the splitting of atoms of fuels such as Uranium and Plutonium. This process is called fission; this gives off heat and heats up water to produce steam. This steam turns turbines and turns the generator which converts it into electricity. Advantages: Since there isn’t anything burning there are no emissions. This process is also very efficient meaning output energy will be high. Disadvantages: However Uranium and Plutonium are not renewable and they will run out eventually. These fuel sources are also very dangerous as it can blow up and send radiation out polluting air, water and our food. This causes very deadly diseases that are painful. It also has to have a large source of water.

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	Created by Maxime PANS over 6 years ago