1297702
| Question | Answer |
| Innate | Relating to a behaviour, ability, disposition or characteristic that is present from birth rather than being acquired through experience. |
| Craniometry | The study of people's intellectual abilities based on the shape and size of their head. |
| Neurology | The scientific study of the brain and the nervous system. |
| Confirmatory bias | When a scientist's expectations unconsciously influence the outcome of their research. |
| Psychometrics | A field of study in psychology concerned with psychological measurement of things like attitudes, personality traits, mood or intelligence. |
| Personality | A person's stable and enduring traits and characteristics, which lead them to behave in a steady way over time. |
| Individual differences | Any characteristics that are susceptible to variation between individuals. |
| Battery of tests | A series of tests aimed at measuring the same thing. |
| Scale | A term often used instead of 'test' to measure a construct that cannot be directly measured. |
| Test norms | Benchmarks used to assess and individual's performance on tests. |
| Test standardisation | The process of establishing test norms be administering the test to a large sample of the population for which the test is intended. |
| Correlation | A measure of an association between two events or things. |
| g, or general intelligence | The factor believed to underpin performance on different tasks in an intelligence test. |
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) | A score on an intelligence test which indicates how a person's intellectual ability compares to the general population. |
| Normal distribution | The assumption that characteristics which vary between people will be distributed across the population in such a way that values at or close to the average will be more frequent than extreme ones. |
| Working Memory | The kind of memory that is used for temporarily storing and managing information required to carry out a task. |
| Fluid Intelligence | The ability to think logically and solve problems, which is independent of acquired knowledge or experience. |
| Crystallised intelligence | The ability to apply acquired skills, knowledge and experience to novel situations. |
| Theory | A set of propositions about a psychological phenomenon which forms the basis of an explanation. |
| Validity | The extent to which a test measures what it has been designed to measure. |
| Eugenics Movement | A movement that advocated the improvement of human genetics through the promotion of reproduction of people with desired traits and limiting reproduction of people with undesirable traits. |
| Scientific Racism | The manipulation of scientific theories and methods to justify the belief in racial superiority or inferiority. |
| Genetic Code | The rules which govern how information encoded within genetic material (the DNA) will be translated into proteins, the building blocks of any living organism. |
| Heritability | The extent to which differences in a trait, characteristic or ability within a population is due to genetic differences. |
| Human genome | The complete set of genetic information contained in the human DNA. |
| Ethics | Principles that determine right and wrong conduct. |
| Heritability estimate | An estimate of the extent to which variability in intelligence in the population is accounted for by variability in genes. |
| Equal Environment Assumption. | The assumption in twin studies that twin pairs raised together experience roughly equal environments. |
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