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| Question | Answer |
| What is fertility treatment? |
A treatment that helps a woman get pregnant
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Name the arguments FOR Fertility Treatment (IVF, AI, Surrogacy)
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-Christians believe that God wants them to be happy -Infidelity is like any illness and should be treated with medical help -God asked humans to 'Go fourth and multiply' -It is better for the child and their parents to have a biological link, rather than using adoption |
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Name the arguments AGAINST Fertility Treatment (IVF, AI, Surrogacy)
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-The bible tells us in Genesis that a new life show be from the coming together of a husband and wife and not a scientific process-it undermines Christian marriage -Children are a gift from God, not something he have a right to -There are many children in need of adoption |
| What is IVF? |
A scientific method of getting a woman pregnant, which does not involve sex. Fertilisation of the egg by sperm occurs in a test tube
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| What does IVF stand for? | In Vitro Fertilisation |
| What do the Latin words 'In Vitro' mean? |
'In Glass'
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| What is the IVF procedure? |
1-Woman's ovaries stimulated to make multiple eggs
2-Each egg is fertilised in vitro
3-Some eggs are placed in mother's womb
-Some are frozen for possible later use
-Unwanted embryos are disguarded
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Name one argument AGAINST IVF
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Both the frozen embryos that are not used and additional embryos that are not needed are are destroyed, this is seen as killing, and goes against the commandment 'Do not kill' |
| What is Artificial Insemination (AI)? | When the sperm is medically inserted into the womb to assist pregancy |
| What is Artificial Insemination by Husband (AIH)? | When a woman is made pregnant by the sperm of her husband, but not through sex |
| What is Artificial Insemination by Donor (AID)? |
When a woman is made pregnant by the sperm if a man other than her partner, but not through sex
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| What is Traditional Surrogacy? | The surrogate mother's egg is fertilised by Artificial Insemination by the sperm of another woman's partner (womb and egg of surrogate) |
| What is Gestational Surrogacy? | An embryo from a couple is created through IVF and then implanted in the surrogate mother (womb of the surrogate) |
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Name two arguments FOR Surrogacy
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-If you are fortunate enough to be able to bear children it is loving and compassionate to share that with those who are who do not have that gift -There are biblical examples of surrogacy (e.g. Abraham and Sarah have their son Ishmael 'through' Hagar) |
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Name two arguments AGAINST Surrogacy
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-Surrogacy brings a new person into the marriage and creation of new life, this may cause problems for the relationship -There may be issues for the child in terms of identity |
| What is the CATHOLIC Churches view on Fertility Treatment? | -The embryo deserves absolute respect and protection -The child is a gift, not a right or commodity to be ordered -It believes that every child should be born as a result of the conjugal act within marriage |
| What is the CHURCH OF ENGLAND's view on Fertility Treatment? | -The embryo deserves respect and protection, but not absolute -Fertility treatments are acceptable 'only during years when, under normal circumstances, they might concieve' |
| What is Genetic Engineering? | Works with genes: switches them on/off, removes faulty genes, replaces them with good genes |
| What is a somatic cell? | Any cell in the body other than an egg or sperm cell. They contain a person's entire DNA |
| What is Somatic Cell Therapy? | Gene Therapy: Making genes better |
| Name a case study of Gene Therapy and what their experience was | RHYS EVANS -Failure to respond to antibiotics -Admitted to hospital -Daily uncertainty about survival -Diagnosed with X-SCID -In 2002 became 1st child in UK to recieve Somatic Cell Therapy -Now a healthy schoolboy |
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Name four arguments FOR gene therapy
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-Churches (C of E, Catholic) agree, as this is a treatment aimed at healing, Jesus healed the sick and so should we -Life is sacred, and this saves a life 'We are made in the image of God' -It is an act of compassion-Jesus showed it to those in need: 'Love your neighbour' -The development of this therapy is responsible as it helps us use our God given skills |
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Name three arguments AGAINST gene therapy
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-It is very risky-one French child developed Leukaemia as a result of gene therapy -Large sums of money are spent on, it, perhaps it could be spent on more common conditions -Some would argue that it is not compassionate to give someone a treatment where long term effects are not known |
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What are the 3 types of designer babies?
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-Saviour Siblings (legal in UK) -Getting rid of diseases (legal in UK) -Cosmetic Reasons (illegal in UK) |
| What are Saviour Siblings? |
Having a child to save the life of an existing one
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| What is the process to produce saviour siblings? | 1) Embryo created through IVF 2)Embryo tested to check child is free from genetic disease and a match to existing child 3)Embryos that pass the test are implanted into the mother 4)Baby born and bone marrow given to its sibling |
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Explain what the HFEA does
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Governs decision making on bio-ethical issues |
| What are the conditions for having saviour siblings set by the HFEA? | -Condition must be severe or life-threatening and continuous -Needs to be last resort -Cannot have one for organ transplantation |
| Name a case study of Saviour Siblings and their experience | MEGAN MATTHEWS -Fanconi Anaemia: inherited conditon, causes bone marrow failure -1 in 4 four chance of matching sibling naturally so created a match through IVF -Baby Max born and bone marrow given to Megan |
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Name the arguments FOR Saviour Siblings
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-Life is sacred, saviour siblings save lives -Just another reason to have a child -Good use of our God-given skills -Act of compassion on part of sibling -Like any form of healing, we should follow Jesus' example -God wants us to be happy-saviour siblings provide happiness |
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Name the arguments AGAINST Saviour Siblings
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-IVF is involved: destroys embryos/lives -It is not a conjugal act but a scientific process -Only a means to an end: child should be valued for being itself, not for its purpose -Sibling could be emotionally damaged when they find out why they were born or if the treatment fails |
| Describe Designer Babies for getting rid of diseases |
Selecting embryos that are free from genetic diseases
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Name 3 arguments FOR Designer Babies for getting rid of Diseases
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-Christians believe that God wants us to be happy, designer babies provide this -It is an act of compassion to ensure a child is free from a genetic condition -It is a good use of our God-given skills |
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Name 3 arguments AGAINST Designer Babies for getting rid of Diseases
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-Involves the destruction of new life-breaks the commandment 'Do not kill' -Those with diseases/disabilities may be devalued by the desire to prevent all genetic illness/disability -There is a risk that the test itself could damage the child |
| What are Designer Babies for Cosmetic Reasons? |
-Sex selection
-Selecting embryos to determine appearance, intelligence, abilities
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| Describe the procedure for Designer Babies for Cosmetic Reasons | 1-Embryo created through IVF 2-Embryos selected according to sex and charcteristics |
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Name the arguments FOR Designer Babies for Cosmetic Reasons
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-It may seem compassionate in some cases -It is natural for parents to want the best for their child |
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Name the arguments AGAINST Designer Babies for Cosmetic Reasons
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-Encourages Idolatry (e.g. worship of beauty) -Discrimination to base your opinion on looks / abilities -Lead to a two-tier society (rich better human species than poor) -"Playing God" children are a gift, not something to be 'designed' |
| What is cloning? | Creating an identical genetic copy of a cell or organism |
| What are the two types of cloning? | -REPRODUCTIVE CLONING (illegal in UK) -THERAPEUTIC CLONING (Legal in UK up to 14 days) |
| What is REPRODUCTIVE cloning? |
-Cloning embryos for REPRODUCTION
-Existing genetic material put into a fertilised egg to produce identical embryo
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| What is the REPRODUCTIVE cloning PROCEDURE? |
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Name an argument FOR Reproductive Cloning
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It is an act of compassion for those for whom other forms of fertility treatment are not suitable (Jesus showed compassion to those in need) |
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Name six arguments AGAINST reproductive cloning
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-All Christian Churches see it as morally wrong -Undermines Christian marriage Exploitation of an innocent human life -Encourages idea that children are a commodity-they are a gift from God -Encourages Idolatry -Can be seen as playing God |
| What is THERAPEUTIC CLONING? | -Cloning Embryos for RESEARCH -Develops treatment for motor neurone disease, alzheimers...etc. |
| What is the process of Therapeutic Cloning? |
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| What are stem cells? | UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS A cell that can: -make any cell -reproduce itself -be turned into a particular cell |
| What is Stem Cell Research used for? | It is used to develop treatments (e.g. motor neurone disease, Alzheimers) and conditions such as spinal injuries |
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Name four arguments FOR Therapeutic Cloning
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-God wants us to be HAPPY -It is a form of HEALING -It is an act of COMPASSION -Can be used for transplants, REMOVES the need for organ donation: saves lives |
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Name three arguments AGAINST Therapeutic Cloning
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-It involves the destruction of new life -Life is sacred, not something to be disposed of -It is exploitation of an innocent human life |
| What are Hybrid Embryos within Therapeutic cloning? | Using animal eggs with human DNA to create an embryo |
| Describe the process of using Hybrid Embryos within Therapeutic cloning | |
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Name an argument AGAINST Hybrid Embryos within Therapeutic cloning
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Christians believe an embryo is a sacred life given by God, made in his image. To mix humans with animals can be seen as demeaning the image of God |
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