Created by J yadonknow
over 6 years ago
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Question | Answer |
2' Messengers + signal transduction | cAMP PKA cGMP PKG |
Adenylyl Cyclase | 2 transmem domains joined by a cat IC domain |
Adenylyl cyclase pathway | Ligand binds to GPCR + Adenylyl cyclase ATP -> cAMP cAMP binds PKA PKA catalytic domains + other proteins |
Signal termination | cAMP Phosphodiesterase degrades cAMP to 5-MP |
Guanylyl Cyclase function | Converts GTP into diffusable cGMP |
2 forms | Membrane bound - + by external L Soluble cytoplasmic form* - + by intrinsic mol. e.g. NO |
How is cGMP degraded | Degraded by cGMP phosphodioesterase |
PIP2 +Pi | PIP2 -> PIP3 via PL3K PIP3*->PDK1->PKB-> Cell proliferation |
PIP3*->PIP2 | Via PTEN - a tumour surpressor |
Breakdown of PIP2 in LBL | PLC splits PIP2 DAG-> PKC InsP3-> Ca2+ release |
How does Ca2+ act as a 2' messenger? | Δ in [Ca2+] in cytosol constitutes the signal |
^ [Ca2+]? | Influx of EC Ca2+ Release from IC stores e.g. ER/SR/Mito |
Decrease [Ca2+]? | Ca2+ pumps sequester it back into organelle (remember the conc. in cytosol constitutes the signal). |
Structure and function of Calmodulin | 1. 4 Ca2+ binding sites 2. + When [Ca2+]>500nM 3. Ca-Calmodulin can bind + modify activity of target e.g. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAM Kinases) |
Roles of CAM Kinases (4) | Regulates fuel metabolism Muscle contraction Cell division Inflammatory response |
Kd | [L] where 1/2 R is bound Measure of binding affinity |
Kd formula | [R][L]/[RL] |
Deriving Kd from binding assay | Total Binding (A) - Nonspecific Binding (B) = Specific Binding (C) 1/2 [R] bound = Kd |
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