Cell Signalling II

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Flashcards on Cell Signalling II, created by J yadonknow on 31/03/2018.
J yadonknow
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
J yadonknow
Created by J yadonknow over 6 years ago
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Question Answer
2' Messengers + signal transduction cAMP PKA cGMP PKG
Adenylyl Cyclase 2 transmem domains joined by a cat IC domain
Adenylyl cyclase pathway Ligand binds to GPCR + Adenylyl cyclase ATP -> cAMP cAMP binds PKA PKA catalytic domains + other proteins
Signal termination cAMP Phosphodiesterase degrades cAMP to 5-MP
Guanylyl Cyclase function Converts GTP into diffusable cGMP
2 forms Membrane bound - + by external L Soluble cytoplasmic form* - + by intrinsic mol. e.g. NO
How is cGMP degraded Degraded by cGMP phosphodioesterase
PIP2 +Pi PIP2 -> PIP3 via PL3K PIP3*->PDK1->PKB-> Cell proliferation
PIP3*->PIP2 Via PTEN - a tumour surpressor
Breakdown of PIP2 in LBL PLC splits PIP2 DAG-> PKC InsP3-> Ca2+ release
How does Ca2+ act as a 2' messenger? Δ in [Ca2+] in cytosol constitutes the signal
^ [Ca2+]? Influx of EC Ca2+ Release from IC stores e.g. ER/SR/Mito
Decrease [Ca2+]? Ca2+ pumps sequester it back into organelle (remember the conc. in cytosol constitutes the signal).
Structure and function of Calmodulin 1. 4 Ca2+ binding sites 2. + When [Ca2+]>500nM 3. Ca-Calmodulin can bind + modify activity of target e.g. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAM Kinases)
Roles of CAM Kinases (4) Regulates fuel metabolism Muscle contraction Cell division Inflammatory response
Kd [L] where 1/2 R is bound Measure of binding affinity
Kd formula [R][L]/[RL]
Deriving Kd from binding assay Total Binding (A) - Nonspecific Binding (B) = Specific Binding (C) 1/2 [R] bound = Kd
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