13261165
Description
Flashcards by Zsofi Dombi, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zsofi Dombi
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Theory of Mind definition | The ability to attribute mental states to oneself / others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one’s own |
| Methods for testing ToM in humans | - Sally-Anne test / unexpected transfer test - unexpected content test |
| The traditional view about non-human primates | They can understand the goals of an action, however they are not capable of copying |
| Nagell et al (1993) | - comparison of chimps and 2-year old children - demonstrating of an action in two ways: one group sees in one way while the other another way - children focus on the actual method and copy it - chimps: the two groups did the same way |
| Whiten et al (2007) | - experiment in the wild: demonstration that the traditional view is probably not true - demonstrates how to open the puzzle box in the wild to different chips in colonies - transfer of knowledge detected - predominantly used the method they saw first - first experimental evidence that non-human primates can sustain unique local cultures |
| Hare et al (2001) | - first experiment investigating ToM in non-human primates - dominant and subordinate competing for food - if dominant sees the food the subordinate does not do anything - if the dominant cannot see the food subordinate takes it - evidence that in certain situations chimps know what conspecifics see and use this information |
| Hamilton (2009) | Hierarchy of goal understanding - movements goals and desires - when desires crystallize into a plan then it can be broken down into a set of goals |
| Mirror neuron definition | A neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observed the same action performed by another |
| Rizzolatti (1996) | - recorder electoral activists from 532 neuron - found discharge during goal directed hand / mouth movement - a set of F5 neurons were discovered: active both when the monkey performed an action and observed a similar action |
| Umilta et al (2001) | Support the mirror neuron theory by showing that a subset of neuron becomes active during action presentation and execution - mirror neuron could be the basis of action recognition |
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