132875
Description
Flashcards by jasmin.sahota, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jasmin.sahota
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| From the period 3 elements, sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metallic. what does this mean? | they are shiny when freshly exposed to air conduct electricity react with dilute acids to give hydrogen and salts |
| silicon is a | semi-metal |
| if something is a semi-metal what does this mean | it conducts electricity to some extent it is good for semi-conductor devices |
| phosphorous,sulfur and chlorine are typical | non-metals |
| do non-metal conduct electricity | no |
| do non-metal have high or low melting and boiling points? | low |
| argon is a | noble gas |
| noble gases are | chemically unreactive and exist as separate atoms |
| what type of reaction are all the elements in period 3? | redox reactions |
| why are the period 3 elements all redox reactions? | because every element starts with a oxidation state of zero and ends up with a positive or negative oxidation state |
| which period 3 elements react with water? | sodium and magnesium are the only metals chlorine is the only non-metal. |
| sodium and water react | vigorously |
| describe what you see when sodium reacts with water | sodium floats on the top of the surface of the water, and fizzes rapidly. the sodium melts because of the heat given out by the reaction. |
| what is formed from the reaction of sodium with water? | a strongly alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (pH13-14) |
| write the equation of the reaction with sodium and water showing the changes in oxidation states | |
| describe the reaction of magnesium and water | very very slow! only a few bubbles of hydrogen are formed after some days |
| what is the result of the reaction of sodium with water? | is less alkaline than sodium and water reaction, as magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble, pH of around 10. |
| write the reaction of magensium and water, showing changes in oxidation states. | |
| how can you make the reaction of magnesium and water faster? | by using heated magnesium and steam |
| what are the products of heated magnesium and steam reacting together? | magnesium oxide and hydrogen |
| give the equation of heated magnesium and steam, showing the changes in oxidation state | |
| in the reaction of water with sodium/magnesium is a redox one. what oxides and what reduces? | the oxidation state of the metal increases the oxidation state of the hydrogen decreases |
| which elements in period 3 react with oxygen? | all of them except argon |
| reactions of elements from period 3 with oxygen are all | exothermic |
| describe sodium and oxygen reaction | sodium burns brightly in air with a yellow flame |
| what is the product of sodium with oxygen? | white sodium oxide |
| write the equation if sodium with oxygen? | |
| describe magnesium with oxygen reaction | a strip of Mg ribbon burns in air with a bright white flame |
| what is the product of magnesium and oxygen? | a white powder of magnesium oxide is produced |
| to make the flame more intense, what should you do? | lower the burning magnesium into a gas jar of oxygen |
| write the equation of magnesium with oxygen | |
| what happens to the oxidation states of magnesium and oxygen when they react together? | magnesium's oxidation state has increased oxygen's oxidation state reduces |
| describe aluminium with oxygen reaction | aluminium powder is heated and then lowered into a gas jar of oxygen. it brightly burns, to give a white powder |
| the white powder produced when aluminum is reacted with oxygen is... | aluminium oxide |
| the equation for aluminum oxide and oxygen is.... | |
| aluminium is a reactive metal but appears to be unreactive.. why? | because it is always coated with a strongly bonded surface layer of oxide. this protects is from further reaction |
| aluminium is used in everyday products such as | saucepans, garage doors, window frames |
| even is aluminum's surface is scratched, why is it not reactive then? | because the exposed aluminium reacts rapidly with the air and seals off the surface |
| when will silicon form silicon oxide? | when it is heated strongly in oxygen |
| write the equation of silicon with oxygen and show changing oxidation states | |
| There are two types of Phosphorus, what are they? | red, and white |
| before reacting red phosphorus with oxygen, what must you do? | it must be heated |
| how does white phosphorus react with oxygen? | white phosphorus spontaneously ignites in air and the white smoke of phosphorus pentoxide is given off |
| red and white phosphorus are | allotropes, meaning they are the same element but the atoms are arranged differently |
| write the equation of phosphorus with oxygen showing the changing oxidation numbers | |
| if the supply of oxygen is limited in the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen, what else is produced? | Phosphorus trioxide, P2O3, is also formed alongside phosphorus pentoxide |
| which period 3 elements are metallic | sodium, magnesium and aluminium |
| describe the reaction between sulfur and oxygen | burns with a blue flame to form a colourless gas |
| describe how the reaction takes place between sulfur and oxygen | the sulfur powder is heated and lowered into a gas jar of oxygen |
| draw the equation of sulfur and oxygen showing the changing oxidation states | |
| in all reactions between period 3 elements and oxygen, what gets oxidised and what gets reduced? | the period 3 element increases in oxidation state and that of oxygen decreases in oxidation state. |
| as move from left to right of the period 3 elements, what happen to the oxidation number? | it increases |
| the melting points of metal oxides are | high! as sodium, magnesium and aluminium are formed by a metal combined to a non-metal. therefore this means that they form giant ionic lattices where the bonding extends through the compound |
| the type of bonding in aluminium is... | mainly ionic but has some covalent character |
| the covalent characteristics of the aluminium bonding is because | aluminum forms very small ions with a large positive charge and so can approach closely to the O2- and distort it's electron cloud. |
| the greater the difference in electronegativities | the greater the ionic character of the bond |
| if the difference in electronegativities is 0 then what does this mean about its bonding. | it means it is 100% covalent |
| what is the bonding in silicon oxide? | giant covalent (macro molecular)structure. this bonding is throughout the structure |
| does silicon oxide have a high or low melting point? | high, as many strong covalent bonds must be broken |
| draw what pure ionic bonding looks like... | |
| draw what distortion in ionic bonding looks like... | |
| draw what some degree of covalent bonding looks like in Aluminium oxide | |
| phosphorus oxide is solide. name the intermolecular forces in it | weak van der Waals, and dipoli-dipole forces |
| the melting points of phosphorus are fairly | low |
| what state are sulfur dioxide and trioxide | gases |
| draw a table showing the oxides of the period 3 elements telling us their bonding and structure | |
| which oxides are bases? | sodium and magnesium |
| sodium oxides reacts with water to give | sodium hydroxide solution |
| write the equation of the reaction between sodium oxide and water | |
| magnesium oxide reacts with water to produce | magnesium hydroxide |
| write the equation for magnesium oxide and water | |
| which oxides are insoluble? | aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide |
| acidic oxides are formed from | non-metal on the right hand side of the periodic table |
| how does phosphorus pentoxide react with water? and what does it produce? | react quite violently to produce and acidic solution of Phosphoric acid |
| write the equation showing phosphorus reacting with water | |
| H2PO4(aq) ionies in stages, the first being... | |
| sulfur dioxide is fairly soluble in water, and reacts to give an | acidic solution of sulfuric acid |
| sulfuric acid partially dissociates producing a H+ ion, which causes the acidity of the solution | |
| how does sulfur trioxide react with water? and what does it produce? | it reacts violently to produce sulfuric (VI) acid |
| the equation for sulfur trioxide and water is | |
| what is the overall pattern of reactions of period 3 oxides with water? | metal oxides (left of the periodic table) form alkaline solutions in water, non-metal oxides (on the right) for acidic ones, while those in the middle do not react |
| draw a table that summaries the oxides in water | |
| what is the general pattern of the period 3 oxides? and how they react with water? | because it contains the O2- ion. which is a very strong base and readily reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions |
| why does sodium oxide with water produce more alkaline solution than magnesium oxide? | because magnesium oxide is less soluble that sodium oxide |
| why does aluminium oxide not react? | because the bonding is too strong to be separated due to the additional covalent bonding on top of the ionic bonding |
| silicon dioxide will not react because | it is a giant macro molecule, and water will not affect this type of structure |
| phosphorus and sulfur oxides react with water because | they are covalent molecules and react with water to form acid solutions |
| sodium and magnesium oxide react to give.. | salt and water only |
| sodium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to give ... | |
| magnesium oxide react with HCl to give... | |
| aluminium reacts with both | acids and bases |
| aluminium oxide with HCL gives us | |
| aluminium oxide with hot conc sodium hydroxide gives us | |
| silicon dioxide will react as a | weak acid with strong bases |
| silicon dioxide with hot concentrated sodium hydoxide produces | |
| the reaction of Phosphorus pentoxide, P4O10, | is the same as the reaction of phosphoric acid, as phosphorus pentoxide with water forms phosphoric acid |
| phosphoric acid has three | O - H group, each with an acidic H atom. |
| phosphoric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in 3 stages, where each H in turn reacts with a hydroxide ion, and is replaced by a Na ion | |
| the overall reaction for Phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide is.. | |
| when we add sodium hydroxide to sulfur dioxide we first form | sodium hydrogensulfate followed by sodium(IV) sulfate |
| the equations for sulfue dioxide and NaOH is |
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