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Description
Flashcards by Sophie Byrne, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie Byrne
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 2 types of 'old' GM? | Selective breeding 'Green Revolution' plants |
| What is 'new' GM? | When foreign DNA is introduced into an organism's genome using recombinant DNA techniques for beneficial effect e.g. yeast, bacteria, gene therapy |
| How are plants genetically modified (3 (methods)? | 1. Agrobacterium transformation - gene of interest inserted into T-DNA of Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium 2. Gene gun - biolistics and particle pombardment - injects cells with genetic info. Payload is elemental particle of heavy metal coated w/ plasmid DNA 3. Protoplast transformation - use chemicals to make plasma membrane permeable |
| Name 7 benefits of GM plants | - Resistance to pests and diseases - Resistance to herbicides (esp in monoculture) - Improved yield under drought/other abiotic stress - Food that keeps longer - Nutritional enhancement - Removal of natural allergens - Increasing yield to feed growing population (over 9b by 2050) |
| Give 5 potential problems with GM plants | - Gene flow to the environment to crop wild relatives via pollen transfer - Effects on ecosystems from changed herbicide use (e.g. reduced biodiversity after spraying monocultures) - 'Alien' genes getting into food chain - Large companies exploiting poor farmers (e.g. terminator gene prevents gene flow to envnt BUT also stops poor farmers saving seeds for next season leaving them dependent on large companies that provide seeds) - Transferring naturally-occurring toxins to plants (Bt toxin transferred to cotton plants --> target insect becomes resistant) |
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