13390882
Description
Flashcards by Sonja Hutchens, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sonja Hutchens
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How should common colds be treated? | -Analgesics -Nasal decongestants, sprays, oral -Cough Suppressants |
| How old do you have to be before treating cold symptoms? | kids should be older than 2 |
| How long do flu symptoms last | Symptoms usually last 3-7 days, cough may last over 2 weeks. |
| Which strain of the flu is responsible for epidemics? | influenza A |
| How is the flu transmitted? | respiratory secretions -viral shedding before onset of illness and then for 24-48 hours after |
| What is the clinical presentation fo the flu? | 1) Fever, chills, headache, myalgias 2) cough, nasal congestion |
| What antivirals are recommended if suspected or confirmed influenza? | Zanamivir, oseltamivir, premivir |
| What patients should not be given Zanamivir? | patients with COPD or asthma should not be given as it can cause bronchospasm |
| How old should the patient be before prescribing zanamivir? | >5yrs for prophylaxis >7 years for treatment |
| When should a patient not be give oseltamivir? | if they have renal failure -the dose should be decreased to 75mg QD if CrCl,< 30 |
| When should you consider giving paramavir? | if the patient is unable to take oral medications -is very expensive -only give if the patient has had symptoms less than 2 days |
| What criteria must be me in order for patients with egg allergies to be given the flu vaccine? | if they have only had hives to past vaccinations (have to wait 30 mins after administration) |
| What symptoms indicate that phyngitis is viral? | no severe pain, normal appearance, cough, no fever and no N/V |
| How should strep throat be treated in children? | Amoxicillin 50 mg/day once daily(max 1,000 mg) |
| How should strep throat be treated if a child is allergic to penicillin? | Clina(7mg/kg TID max 300mg/dose) OR Azithromycin(12mg/kg once daily, max 500mg for one day then 6mg/kg once daily, max 250mg for four days) |
| How should a child be treated if they are a carrier of strep? | Clinda 20-30 mg/kg/day orally in three divided doses (max 300 mg/dose) |
| How should otitis media be treated in children? | amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day divided twice daily treatment 5-7day(10 days) |
| If a child initially fails treatment for otitis media how what is your next step? | if they fail within 72H then amoxicillin-clavulanate 90 mg/kg/day(amox) divided twice daily |
| What meds are specifically not first lne for otitis media due to resistance? | Cephalosporins Macrolides TMP/SMX – not recommended due to resistance Quinolones are not approved in children |
| What symptoms are specific to abute bronchitis? | Hoarseness Substernal pain No evidence of consolidation |
| When is bronchtis considered chronic? | Coughing up sputum on most days during 3 consecutive months for more than 2 consecutive years |
| How should an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis be treated? | Antibiotic therapy for 7-10 days for acute infectious exacerbations TMP/SMX 1 DS BID Doxycycline 100 mg BID Amoxicillin Clavulanate 875/125 BID Clarithromycin 500 mg BID Azithromycin 500 mg x 1; 250 QD x 4 Levofloxacin 500 mg QD Systemic steroids |
| What organisms that cause pneumonia are not visible on gram stain? | M. pneumonia Legionella pneumophila Viruses |
| Are community acquired or hospital acquired pneumonia more likely to be gram (-)? | hospital acquired |
| How should community acquired outpatient treatment for pneumonia? | macrolide(azithromycin) or doxycycline |
| What are some risk factors for bbeata-lactam resistant s. pneumonia? | Age <2 yrs or > 65 years B-lactam therapy within the previous 3 months Alcoholism, immunosuppressive illness or therapies Exposure to a child in a day care center |
| How should PRSP pneumonia be treated? | B-lactam PLUS macrolide Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or cephalosporin Azithromycin or Clarithromycin (Doxycycline may be used for macrolide but not preferred) |
| How should inpatient community acquired pneumonia be treated? | Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone with or without a macrolide or doxycycline Or Fluoroquinolone alone (NO cipro) |
| How should community acquired inpatient treatment be approached for patients in the ICU? | Macrolide or fluoroquinolone Plus Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone Or B-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitor combination |
| HAP/VAP Late Onset, MDR risk pneumonia be treated? | Combination Therapy Antipseudomonal cephalosporin OR Antipseudomonal carbapenem OR Blactam/blactamase inhibitor PLUS Antipseudomonal fluoroquinolone OR Aminoglycoside PLUS Vancomycin or linezolid |
| What is empyema? | Collection of pus in a cavity, hollow organ or space |
| What is a lung abscess? | Pulmonary infection involving the destruction of the lung parenchyma to produce cavities with an air-fluid level. |
| How should a lung abscess be treated? | Penicillin plus Clindamycin or Metronidazole 3rd gen. Cephalosporin plus Clindamycin or Metronidazole Carbapenem B-lactam-bDuration: 2-4 months |
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