13496071
Description
Flashcards by I Shouldn't be awake, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by I Shouldn't be awake
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Dynamic equilibrium (3) | Closed system forward and backward reactions are occurring at equal rates The concentrations of reactants and products stays constant |
| Effect of increasing Temperature on equilibrium | If temperature is increased the equilibrium will shift to oppose this Moves in the endothermic direction to try and reduce the temperature by absorbing heat. |
| Effect of decreasing Temperature on equilibrium | If temperature is decreased the equilibrium will shift to oppose this and move in the exothermic direction to try and increase the temperature by giving out heat. |
| Increasing pressure | equilibrium to shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas to oppose the change and thereby reduce the pressure. Leads to higher yield of smaller side |
| Why industrially high pressures aren't always cost effective | high electrical energy costs for pumping the gases to make a high pressure and the equipment to contain the high pressures is expensive |
| Effect of Concentration on equilibrium I2 + 2OH- --> I- + IO- + H2O (3) | ^[OH]- = eq. RHS shift to oppose this and remove OH- ions. Higher yield of I- and IO-. The colour would change from brown to colourless. |
| Effect of catalyst | no effect on the position of equilibrium, but it will speed up the rate at which the equilibrium is achieved. |
| Why? | It does not effect the position of equilibrium because it speeds up the rates of the forward and backward reactions by the same amount. |
| Haber process | N2 + 3H2 <-> 2NH3 T= 450c, P= 200 – 1000 atm, catalyst = Fe |
| Contact process | Stage 1 S (s) + O2(g) <-> SO2(g) Stage 2 SO2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) <-> SO3 (g) T= 450c, P= 1 to 2 atm, catalyst = V2O5 |
| Production of methanol from CO | CO (g) + 2H2(g) <-> CH3OH (g) T= 400c, P= 50 atm, catalyst = Cr/Zn oxides |
| Hydration of ethene to produce ethanol | CH2=CH2 (g) + H2O (g) <-> CH3CH2OH(l) T= 300c, P= 70 atm, catalyst = conc. H3PO4 |
| Problems with high pressure in ethene | High pressure also leads to unwanted polymerisation of ethene to poly(ethene) |
| Conditions effecting Kc | Kc only changes with temperature |
| Magnitudes of Kc | 1=halfway >1=equilibrium favours the product <1=equilibrium favours the reactants |
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