Flashcards
Critical Thinking
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1ArgumentA conclusion about an issue that is supported by reasons.
- 2AssumptionBeliefs, usually taken for granted, that are based on the experiences, observations, or desires of an individual or group.
- 3BiasedA sample that does not reflect a random, representative population. A biased sample does not provide adequate evidence to support a conclusion.
- 4ClaimA statement or conclusion about an issue. The advocate for a claim will seek to prove the truth of the claim through evidence.
- 5CogentAn inductive argument based on strong, credible evidence.
- 6ConclusionA position taken about an issue, also called a claim or an opinion; in deductive reasoning, the inference drawn from the major and minor premises; in research, the meaning and significance of the data as interpreted by the researcher.
- 7Critical ThinkerSomeone who uses specific criteria to evaluate reasoning, form positions, and make decisions.
- 8DataThe observation made and information collected by the researcher as he or she completes a study.
- 9Deductive ReasoningThe process of inferring a conclusion by putting forth true premises in a valid format.
- 10EgalitarianismA belief system in which behavior is considered to be ethical when equal opportunities and consequences apply to all people.
- 11EthicsStandards of conduct reflecting what is considered to be right or wrong behavior.
- 12ExpertAn individual who has education, significant experience, or both in a given area. The testimony of experts is used to support conclusions in arguments.
- 13Fair-mindedA trait of critical thinker involving respect for others, willingness to hear and understand different viewpoints on an issue, and an openness to change when new information or insight warrants change.
- 14FallaciousErrors in reasoning. Fallacies can be seen as (1) reasons that seem logical but don't necessarily support the conclusion or (2) statements that distract listeners from the real issue
- 15GeneralizationGeneralizations based on causal factors; that is, they state that a particular factor is responsible for a specific effect. These generalizations are used to strengthen inductive arguments.