13762092
Description
Flashcards by Emily Bevis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Bevis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Nobility under Elizabeth | - After 1572 = hesitant to make new dukes - Between 1547-72 = 4 Dukes executed - Northumberland, Somerset, Suffolk, Norfolk - Nobility concentrate on new buildings to host Queen during royal progress |
| Gentry | - Bellow nobility - Wide social range from Knights, gentlemen, esquires/JPs, modest landowners - Grew in size under Eliz - Proportion of wealthy increased |
| Poorest class | - bulk of people lived in countryside - vulnerable to enclosure and decline in real wages |
| Statue of Artificers | - 1563 - aim to combat increasing crime and vagabondage/vagrancy (moving from town to town without permanent $$$) - Impose maximum wages to stop workers demanding higher pay - Establish a compulsory 7 year apprenticeship to follow a craft |
| Acts to combat poverty | 1) Act of 1572 2) The Poor Law Act of 1576 3) 1597 Poor Law 4) Completion of Poor Law Act 1598-1601 |
| 1572 Poor Law Act | - established that local ratepayers were required to pay a rate for the relief of their own poor - Added branding to range of punishments = harsh treatment of 'undeserving' poor |
| 1576 Poor Law Act | - First act to attempt to make a national system of pro relief - Financed and administered locally - Towns required to provide employment for the deserving poor (elderly, young, disabled) |
| Impact of Harvest on society | - Failed harvests from 1594-97 - Consequently = 1596 Oxfordshire Hunger riot - higher food prices due to :( harvest - extremely small scale - attempt to march on London with weapons - Suppressed in days + 4 leaders dealt with brutally - Made harder by the plague outbreaks in the 1590s = more deaths than births |
| 1597 Poor Law Act | - result of Oxfordshire uprising and other small scale hunger riots in Kent, Norfolk and Hampshire - Provides overseers to monitor the poor - Allowed for offenders to be whipped and sent back to home parish - Repeat offenders = executed - Reflection of the harsh treatment under the 1547 Act |
| 1601 Poor Law Act | - remained basis of poor relief until 1929 - Focus on the parish = responsible for raising and administering poor relief rates - Parish overseer = efficient rate collection and distribution - Poorhouse to care for the impotent poor (those unable to work) - House of Industry for able-bodied poor to be given work - Idle poor = House of Correction - Poor children apprenticed for trade - a NATIONAL system for poor relief |
| How far in control of Ireland was Liz? | (in foreign policy cards) - few significant rebellions against English Protestant rule - Tyrone Rebellion, 1595 - Spanish try and manipulate weakness - Battle of Yellow Ford, 1598 = success as rebels gain large control of 'pale' - Failed leadership of E.o.Essex in Ireland as fail to end Tyrone rebellion - Instead made truce with Tyrone - Threat increased in 1601 when Spanish sent 3000 troops - BUT England triumph and regain Irish control after 1601 Battle of Kinsale |
| Control in Wales | - little concern in boarder area - Council of Wales and the Marches = remained in control - Welsh language preserved through religion = Bible and Common Book of Prayer into Welsh - Poverty = most significant welsh issue - Level of discontent by end of reign as large number of Welsh gentry implicated in Essex rebellion |
| Control in the North | - remained troublesome through reign - Northern earls (Percy/Dacre family) no longer in charge of boarders - 1569, Northern Earls rebellion - as Southern earls struggle to control North without own land - Weak grip on Scottish Protestant leaders (1578-85) - Council of the North reorganised in 1572 under Southern protestant Earl of Huntingdon = seen as outsider in North |
| Economic position of landowners | - benefitted under Elizabeth - Land incomes rose = more material possessions - As result of HVIII and Ed VI selling monastic land at low prices - Expansion in building projects |
| Economic position of farmers | - modest level farmers = benefit from rise in agricultural prices - Improvement of living standards in S. East - Increased prospects of agricultural production - BUT bad harvest damaged expansion |
| Problems with economic development | - Not all areas :) developed = e.g. North and West-Midlands were the poorest - Real wages fell - Several bad harvests = 9/44 considered poor on average - By 1596 real wages = less than half than 9 years earlier - Rural areas in North suffer particular starvation |
| Internal trade | * exceeded that of external trade * Shipbuilding expansion = sign of successful trade * Growth of shipping coal to Thames due to increased demand/population in London * Wider range of foreign goods imported = more able to afford them * Decrease cloth trade with Netherlands to ensure wider alliances = develop Cloth trade market with Germany and Amsterdam |
| John Hawkins | - English slave trader + naval commander - 3 expeditions from 1562 = 1st/2nd successful but irritate the Spanish - attracted significant supporters - Queen, Leicester - Third expedition = failure as blockade in Mexico meant only some $ returned to Eng. - LINK foreign policy + :( Spain |
| Other overseas trading opportunities | - attempt to expand English trading interests - Muscovy Company, 1555 = Russia and N.Europe BUT failed - Eastland Company, 1579 = trade with baltic BUT :( - Levant Company, 1581 = :) trade with Ottoman - 1600 - 1603 = :) of the East India Company - Main wool markets from South to North Netherlands |
| Exploration | - Spain and Portugal = dominant - BUT by end of Liz = England :) sea reputation - Consequently trading links with Russia and India - Development of the Hudson Bay Company = mapping of Greenland and America = :) under Stuarts - Drake exploration = challenge dominating reputation of the Spanish - Colonies established for effective trade links in N.West America |
| Political condition in 1603 | *Decline in royal authority and gov administration in 1590s *Consequent of unstable succession *1601 execution of Essex = highlight weakness of royal authority *BUT broad political unity by 1603 as most loyal to Queen |
| Economic and social condition in 1603 | - Significant economic continuity in 1500s - Domestic demand = :) :) :) - Nail making, soap, brewing, hosiery - BUT took much hard work for many to avoid poverty - Remained significant wealth/living standard differences - 1590s only time of real crisis = harvest and sickness = high death rate - BUT allowed gov to address imp. issues in the Poor Laws |
| State of religion by 1603 | - Significant decline in Catholicism since start of reign - Still remained BUT most put their loyalty towards crown - Radical protestants - puritans and separatists virtually disappeared - Broad support of the CofE |
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