13994396
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Huber, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jennifer Huber
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What do helper T-Cells (CD4) release? | IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma |
| What type of hypersensitivity are Helper T-cells involved in? | delayed type hypersensitivity Type IV |
| IL-2 cause maturation of what type of cells? | cytotoxic T cells |
| IL-4 causes maturation of which cells? | B-cells into plasma cells |
| What does IFN-gamma activate? | macrophages |
| Action of Suppressor T cells (CD8) | regulate CD4 and CD8 cells |
| Action of Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) | recognize and attack non-self antigens attached to MHC class I receptors (viral) responsible for majority of liver injury d/t HepB |
| Effector cells in cell-mediated immunity | macrophages cytotoxic T cells natural kill cells |
| What do intradermal skin tests detect? | cell-mediated immunity takes 2-3days |
| What kinds of infections are associated with defect in cell-mediated immunity? | intracellular pathogens (TB, viruses) |
| Which immunoglobulin is secreted with reinfection? | IgG |
| MHC Class I | CD8 activation present on all nucleated cells Single chain with 5 domains Target for cytotoxic T cells |
| MHC class II | CD4 activation present on antigen presenting cells 2chains, 4domains each APCs activate helper T cells Stim. Ab formation |
| Natural Killer Cells | not restricted by MHC, don't require previous exposure, don't require antigen presenting Recognizes cells that lack self-MHC immunosurveillance for cancer |
| IgM | initial antibody after antigen exposure primary immune response 5 Domains - 10 binding site MC antibody in the spleen |
| IgG | most abundant antibody in body responsible for 2/2 immune response Crosses placenta |
| IgA | found in secretions Peyer's patches in gut and breast milk helps prevent microbial adherence and invasion in gut |
| IgD | Membrane-bound receptor on B cells an antigen receptor |
| IgE | Allergic reactions Parasite infections Type I HS |
| Which immunoglobulins are opsonins? | IgM and IgG |
| Which immunoglobulins fix complement? | IgM and IgG, requires 1 IgG or 1 IgM |
| Which region on an antibody is for antigen regonition? | variable region |
| Which region on antibodies are recognized by PMNs, macrophages, and NK cells | Constant region |
| Polyclonal Antibodies | multiple binding sites to the antigen at multiple epitopes |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | only 1 binding site to the antigen at 1 epitope |
| Type 1 Hypersensitivity | immediate hypersensitivity reaction allergic reaction/anaphylaxis IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils react with the antigen and cause release of histamine, serotonin and bradykinin |
| Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity | Bee stings, peanuts, Hay Fever, Lymphazurin dye |
| Symptoms associated with Type 1 Hypersensitivity | urticaria, HoTN, bronchoconstriction, angioedema |
| Treatment for Type 1 Hypersensitivity | Epinephrine and airway management |
| Type 2 Hypersensitivity and examples | IgG or IgM reacts with cell bound antigen ABO incompatibility, hyperacute rejection, myasthenia gravis |
| Type 3 Hypersensitivity and examples | Immune Complex deposition Serum Sickness, SLE |
| Type 4 Hypersensitivity and symptoms | Delayed-type Hypersensitivity APCs present on Ag to Thelper, activated macrophages and destroy Ag Takes 2-3Days TB skin test (PPD) + contact dermatitis |
| Basophils | major source of histamine in blood |
| Mast Cells | Major source of histamine in tissue, man cell type for type 1 HS |
| Primary Lymphoid Organs | Liver, Bone, Thymus |
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs | Spleen and Lymph Nodes |
| Immunologic Chimera | 2 Different Cell Lines in one individual (ex BM transplants) |
| IL-2 | converts lymphocytes to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and into tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes |
| What to do for non-tetanus prone wounds | Give tetanus toxoid only if patient has recieved <3 doses or tetanus status unknown, or >10years since booster |
| What is a tetanus prone wound? | >6hours old, obvious contamination and devitalized tissue; crush, burn, frostbite, missile injuries |
| What to do for tetanus prone wounds | always give tetanus toxoid unless patient has had >/= 3 doses and it has been <5years since last booster |
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