HPA - Hypertension

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Flashcards on HPA - Hypertension, created by Em J on 10/06/2018.
Em J
Flashcards by Em J, updated more than 1 year ago
Em J
Created by Em J over 6 years ago
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Question Answer
What is hypertension? long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
Prevalence 2011/12, 3.13 million adult Australians (32%) aged 18 years+ had high blood pressure or taking medication for their blood pressure
Risk factors Obesity, stress, high sodium intake, race and ethnicity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption
Primary hypertension 90–95% of cases are primary, defined as high blood pressure due to nonspecific lifestyle and genetic factors.[5][6] Lifestyle factors that increase the risk include excess salt in the diet, excess body weight, smoking, and alcohol use.
Secondary hypertension The remaining 5–10% of cases are categorized as secondary high blood pressure, defined as high blood pressure due to an identifiable cause, such as chronic kidney disease
Pathophysiology Primary hypertension is thought to develop from complex interactions among factors that regulate cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.
Symptoms Early stages are asymptomatic with only hypertension as a symptom Eventual (after years of chronic HTN) symptoms are due to specific organ damage and may include nocturia, confusion, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbance
Relevant medications - Betablockers (metoprolol) - Diuretics (e.g hydrochlothiazide, furosemide) - Calcium channel blockers - ACE inhibitors (Enalapril)
Examinations ECG, urinalysis, BGL, haematocrit, serum potassium,creatinine and calcium, cholesterol and lipoprotein profile, kidney functioning
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