14264004
Description
Flashcards by Averil Tam, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Averil Tam
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 1. TRUE/FALSE? a) Dermoid cysts are a common midline neck lump in children. | True |
| 1. TRUE/FALSE? b) There is an association between the presence of tongue tie in an infant and an increase in dental caries later in life. | True. Tongue tie in an infant does have a correlation with increased dental caries. Tongue tie can run in families. If correctional surgery is required, it is usually done at around 1 year of age. |
| 1. TRUE/FALSE? c) A lateral neck lymph node in an 18 month old child is very likely neoplastic. | False. An enlarged cervical lymph node in a child of 18 months to 2 years is very unlikely to be neoplastic. It is much more likely to be reactive (secondary to recent infection) or acutely inflamed. |
| 1. TRUE/FALSE? d) The diagnosis of a thyroglossal cyst may be assisted by asking the child to poke out their tongue. | True. A thyroglossal cyst will move upwards with protrusion of the tongue. If the child is too young to follow instructions, observe while feeding/swallowing. |
| 2. TRUE/FALSE? a) The major risk of a lymphatic malformation of the neck is airway compromise. | True. Lymphatic malformations of the neck (formerly referred to as Cystic Hygromas) can lead to airway compromise, especially if infected and enlarged. |
| 2. TRUE/FALSE? b) Pre-auricular sinuses are rarely seen in children of South East Asian descent. | False. They often occur bilaterally. |
| 2. TRUE/FALSE? c) A branchial sinus or fistula occurs in the midline. | False. Branchial remnants (sinus, fistula or cyst) occur as lateral structures. |
| 2. TRUE/FALSE? d) A 12 year old boy presenting with a lateral neck lump must have neoplasia considered in the diagnosis. | True. Although it remains uncommon, the risk of neoplasia starts to rise as children enter the teenage years. Hence these children must be carefully assessed to exclude the diagnosis of a neoplastic process. In this age group, it is less common to see reactive lymph nodes (ie. secondary to infection). |
| 3. TRUE/FALSE - pyloric stenosis: a) Pyloric stenosis occurs more commonly in boys. | True. The incidence of pyloric stenosis is 4:1 boys to girls. It is familial with an incidence of 1:20 if the boy’s father had PS and 1:5 if his mother had it. It is more prevalent in children of Anglo Celtic descent. |
| 3. TRUE/FALSE - pyloric stenosis: b) The peak age at presentation is 6 months. | False. Presentation is usually at around 4 weeks of age; onset of vomiting is at 2-3 weeks, and very unusual beyond 8 weeks. |
| 3. TRUE/FALSE - pyloric stenosis: c) Projectile vomiting is a feature. | True. Projectile vomiting is a feature of PS. It is usually milky, non-bilious and occurs 30-60 minutes after a feed. Peristaltic waves and an olive shaped mass are signs to elicit. |
| 3. TRUE/FALSE - pyloric stenosis: d) The infant with pyloric stenosis may become acidotic due to vomiting. | False. The child with PS usually develops hypochloraemic alkalosis due to vomiting, and severe dehydration if untreated. |
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