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Description
Flashcards by Farha Idrees, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Farha Idrees
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the states of matter? | 1. solid 2. liquid 3. gas |
| What is the particle theory? | used to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases, based on the fact that all matter is made up tiny particles |
| describe a solid | • fixed shape and volume • cannot be compressed • each particle is touching its nearest neighbour and remain in this fixed arrangement • they vibrate constantly |
| describe a liquid | • fixed volume but can change their shape • close together, but can move around each other • constantly changing, random arrangement |
| describe a gas | • no fixed shape or volume, compressed easily • mover around at high speeds in any direction • the hotter the gas is the faster they move • the pressure of the gas is caused by the particles colliding with the sides of the container |
| What are physical changes? | they are reversible and no new substances are formed |
| What is: a) melting point b) boiling point? | a) when a solid turns into a liquid- the hotter the solid is, the faster the particles vibrate and eventually the vibrations become so strong, they begin to break free b) when a liquid turns into a gas - the liquid becomes so hot that the particles begin to escape from the surface of the liquid |
| What is sublimation? | when a solid is heated and changes directly into a gas |
| What happens during a substance's melting point? | • the temp stops rising, only continues once the solid has completely melted • happens because the energy transferred from the surroundings is used to break up the particles • once all the solid has melted, the transferred energy from the surroundings causes the temperature of the liquid to rise as normal |
| What are the limitations of the particle theory? | • its useful for modelling states of matter • however for atoms and ions the theory will not fit as the particles are: a) not solid spheres b) no forces between them |
| What is a compound? | contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together |
| What are special about the Noble Gases (Group 0)? | they have a full outer shell which makes them stable and unreactive |
| How do other elements gain a stable arrangement? | 1. covalent bonding; sharing electrons 2. ionic bonding; transferring electrons 3. metallic bonding |
| What is ionic bonding? | when atoms either gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell, forming particles called ions |
| What happens to metals? | lose electrons to become an ion: • sodium [2,8,1] loses one electrons • now has a stable arrangement [2.8] • has a single positive charge |
| What happens to non-metals? | gain electrons to become an ion: • fluorine [2,7] gains one electron • now has a stable arrangement [2,8] • has a single negative charge |
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