14783776
Description
Flashcards by Alinta Kalns, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alinta Kalns
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 7 elements of LPA (livestock production assurance) | Biosecurity Animal welfare Animal feed, fodder crops, grain, and pasture treatments Animal treatments and medications Livestock movements Property risk assessment Preparation for livestock dispatch |
| What is the purpose behind LPA? | Provide strength to market claims that a product is safe, traceable, and ethical |
| What are two main stakeholders in animal (cattle) welfare? | Cattle council of Australia RSPCA |
| Aims of the cattle council of Australia | Disease control Increasing public interest in animal welfare and environmental impact |
| What does the australian animal welfare strategy do? | Organises stakeholders, IDs priorities, and improves consistency of animal welfare Includes animals, people, national systems, and international bodies |
| Summarise the key aspects from welfare standards | Check factors influencing welfare BCS Preventative management Appropriate stock handling + facilities Auditing!! |
| Who does the duty of care extend to in cattle production? | Anyone in charge of those cattle for the duration they're in charge. Farm staff, producers, transporters, saleyard staff, agistors, abattoir workers |
| Define the person in charge. | The person who owns the animals or who is in custody of them |
| What are examples of animals not fit to load? | Lame Heavily pregnant Injured/ill dehydrated or emaciated Bilaterally blind Largely horned |
| Who is responsible for the pre-loading selection of fit-to-load cattle? | Both the person in charge of the cattle and the transporter. |
| What factors influence how long cattle should be held off water and spelled during transportation? | Age (calves) Gestation length Lactation |
| What are examples of driving management? | Smooth driving techniques Non-slip flooring Appropriate air flow at all times Contingency plan for accidents - quick triage of OK cattle and cattle that need euthanasia |
| What is currently not recommended per standards to use when handling cattle? | Electric prodders Electroimmobilisation Dogs that bite (muzzle) Dogs in pens Hot branding unless required by law (QLD, WA, NT) |
| What are other recommendations for handling and management of cattle? | Low stress techniques ID methods - NLIS, RFID Good weaning practices - highly palatable feed and water, dams in adjoining pasture Avoid unnecessary mixing or separation of cattle |
| What are the current recommendations for cattle castration? | Do not castrate calves destined for slaughter prior to puberty DO not castrate over 3 months of age Use pre- and post-operative pain relief |
| What are the current recommendations for dehorning? | Don't do it - trimming and tipping preferable Use polled genetic lines Pre- and post-op pain relief for calf disbudding Do not use caustic chemicals for disbudding |
| Current recommendations for cattle speying? | Therapeutic purpose only Only done by a vet with pre- and post-op pain relief |
| What factors affect early weaning? | Age and weight of the calf Dam condition Usually done when calves are 80 kg (north) to 100 kg (south) |
| What are benefits of early weaning? | Improve dam fertility and condition Reduce mortality |
| What are cracker cows? | Old cows found on extensive properties Slowly die of malnutrition due to worn teeth Not valuable for slaughter. |
| What forms of pain relief are available for cattle? What are their WHP? | NSAIDs and opiates Buccalgesic (meloxicam) - 14 days Trisolfen - 90 days |
| When did biosecurity become a part of the LPA program, and what does it involve? | 2017 Recording livestock, vehicles, and people movements Auditing |
| What are the 8 areas of priority in biosecurity? | Livestock movements, sales, and purchases People, vehicles, equipment Feed and water Feral animals, pests, and weeds Animal health and welfare Carcass/effluent/waste management Staff responsibilities Contingency plans + improvement monitoring |
| What's involved in biosecurity concerning livestock movements and sales? | Pre-loading Pre-purchase inspections NLIS transfers (traceability) Vendor and health declarations Quarantine and inspection of new arrivals |
| WHat's involved in biosecurity concerning people, vehicles, and equipment? | Visitor risk assessment and logging, signage, reduced entry points Vehicle inspection + clean downs Minimise equipment lending, keep vehicles on-farm Cleaning-down facilities |
| What's involved in biosecurity concerning feed and water? | NO RESTRICTED ANIMAL MATERIAL Chemical residues, pests/weeds, pathogens, toxins, physical contaminants Feed storage Declarations of feed/water Quality testing of water |
| What can be done to prevent feeding of RAM? | Rest treated pastures for 3 weeks Inspect feed on delivery Appropriate feed storage Prevent contamination from other feeds on farm (if multi-species farm) |
| What declarations are involved in feed biosecurity? | Sourcing Storage Any treatments or chemicals applied Potential for contamination |
| What must be looked at with water biosecurity? | Infrastructure Accessibility Consumption requirements/cow Quality and testing |
| What's involved in water quality testing? | Total dissolved solutes Turbidity pH Pesticide and effluent contamination Parasites, pathogens, toxins |
| Who can water samples be sent to? | Private companies Land care and catchment care groups Queensland Health Local authorities |
| What factors influence the suitability of water? | Type, age, and health of animal Climate and season Pasture/feed consumption Distance walked Production level Other sources available |
| What are the impacts of invasive/pest species? | Disease spread Competition for resources Environmental destruction Reduced biodiversity Damaged infrastructure Spread weeds Harm livestock |
| How could you implement animal control? | Integrated approach with neighbouring farms Traps, shooting, bait, fencing, biological control |
| What are spreading factors for weeds? | Seed production Site/environmental disturbance Mechanical vectors and fomites |
| How could a producer control disease? | Know endemic diseases and toxic plants Records Correct storage + use of chemicals/drugs Vaccinations Good husbandry hygiene Call disease watch hotline if suspicious of significant or exotic disease |
| Forms of carcass disposal? | Incineration Burial Rendering Composting Natural disposal |
| How could a producer ensure a contingency plan for emergencies is adequate? | Recognise triggers for disasters Ensure staff know responsibilities Keep contacts and equipment current Quarantine plans on premises Regular assessment, auditing, and recording |
| Summarise the overall benefits of biosecurity | Prevent disease, pest, and weed introduction Reduce impact of disease Improve preparedness for disasters Meet regulatory requirements (LPA) Enable market access continuity |
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