15446650
Description
Flashcards by Sophie Byrne, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie Byrne
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why are there more fungal infections now than ever before? | - Medical advances - e.g. immunosuppressants - Aging population - Scientific advances - Increased antifungal resistance |
| What is virulence? | The intensity of infection; speed and intensity of pathogen |
| What is a virulence factor? | Characteristic which increases virulence; essential to causing infection |
| What are fitness attributes? | Factors required for growth, not necessarily pathogenicity. Can't grow without it |
| Malassezia furfur | Seborrhoeic dermatitis - Dimorphic - Skin commensal - Req exogenous lipids e.g. sebum --> degrades sebum into fatty acids --> sat. fat. acids used for metabolism ---> unsat. fat. acids left, damage skin top layer causing flakes |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | Aspergillosis Phagocytosed in lungs by healthy immune sys Immunocompromised: spores germinate > hyphae > fungal ball visible in x-ray 8% mortality if systemic |
| Tryptophan mentagrophytes | Ringworm Human and animal infection essential for survival |
| Candida albicans | Skin, genital, oral Systemic disease - Nosocomial pathogen (catheter biofilm; infected IV lines) |
| Rhizopus oryzae | Mucormycosis Spores inhaled > trapped in nasal pharynx > destroyed Immunocompromised: Grows in nose + throat > surgically removed Systemic mortality - 50-94% |
| Pneumocystic jirovecii | Pneumocystis AIDS-defining lung infection 13% mortality Can't be lab cultured |
| Blastomyces dermatitidis | Blastomycosis Cat 3 N America endemic Thermal dimorph Soil + damp wood Lungs > untreated > dissemination > lesions |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | Histoplasmosis Ohio River Valley endemic Soil/bird guano Temp key switch to virulence Lives in phagocytes > divides > ruptures phagocyte > spreads Cellular immunity in 2 weeks Dissemination if immunocompromised |
| Coccidioides immitis | Coccidiomycosis Dimorphic (hyphal > yeast) Acute - 60% asymptomatic, clears in 2 weeks Chronic - dissemination, lung infection Cells too big for phagocytosis Grow > segment > release endospores > phagocytosis > repeat |
| Penicillium marneffei | Penicilliosis S. Asia endemic 3rd most common opp infection in HIV patients Dimorphic (hyphal > yeast) Long treatment - 50% relapse rate w/out prophylaxis |
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