Physics P1b

Question	Answer
What is meant by a non-renewable energy resource? Name four non-renewable energy resources.	It will run out eventually and has bad effects on the environment. 1. coal 2. oil 3. natural gas 4. nuclear fuels ( uranium and plutonium)
Explain how electricity is generated in a gas-fired power station. Describe the useful energy transfers that occur.	A fossil fuel is burned to convert its stored energy into thermal energy. The thermal energy heats the water or air to produce steam. The steam turns a turbine converting the energy into kinetic energy. The turbine is connected to a generator which transfers the energy into electrical energy. Chemical to thermal to kinetic to electrical.
Describe how the following renewable resources are used to generate electricity. State one advantage and disadvantage for each. A) wind B) solar C) the tide D) waves E) geothermal energy	A ) No pollution but cannot reach an increase in supply as we cannot increase the wind. B) Cost effective but isn't as renewable during the evening. C) no pollution but the size of the tide is variable so if there was a small wave there wold be significantly less energy. D) no fuel costs/ minimal running costs but they are fairly unreliable because of the wind drops the waves will too. E) there is no significant damage to the environment but there are very few suitable locations.
Why are hydroelectric power stations often located in remote valleys?	So when they flood the valleys there will not be a huge impact on humans.
What is the purpose of pumped storage?	To ensure there will be enough or spare energy put aside for the peak demand times such as dinner time.
Why is wave power only a realistic major energy source on small islands?	because it cannot produce enough energy for large towns/ cities.
What is the source of energy for tidal barrages?	The gravity of the sun and the moon.
Apart from generating electricity, how else can geothermal heat be used?	To heat buildings directly without being converted into electrical energy first.
How are biofuels produced? Give two examples of biofuels.	they are organisms that are still alive or recently dead. Straw, ethanol
Name two places that carbon dioxide can be stored after carbon capture.	Gas fields and oil fields.
Name six factors that should be considered when a new power station is being planned.	1. Set-up costs 2. reliability issues 3. environmental issues 4. set-up/decommissioning time 5. running/fuel costs 6. location issues
Which three energy sources are linked most strongly with habitat disruption?	Coal, oil and gas
Explain why high electrical voltage is used to transmit electricity in the national grid.	so that less energy gets released as heat from the cables.
Find the speed of a wave with a frequency of 50 kHz and a wavelength of 0.3 cm.	wave speed = frequency x wavelength = 50 x 0.3 = 15 m/s
Why does light bend as it moves between air and water?	because it hits the new medium/water at an angle so it moves from a less dense area to a denser area meaning that some of the light is reflected but most of it is refracted at an angle through the medium.
What size should the gap be in order to maximise diffraction? A) much larger than the wavelength B) the same size as the wavelength C) a bit bigger than the wavelength	B) the same size as the wavelength
Write the EM spectrum with all the details in the right order.	1. Radio waves - 1m to 10^4 m 2. Micro waves - 10^-2m (1cm) 3. infrared radiation - 10^-5m (0.01mm) 4.Visible light - 10^-7m 5. Ultra violet - 10^-8m 6. X-rays - 10^-10m 7. Gamma rays - 10^-15m
What type of wave do television remotes usually use?	infrared waves
Which two types of EM wave are commonly used to send signals along optical fibres?	Infrared waves and visible light
Why can't sound waves travel in space?	Sound waves travel by vibrations passing through the surrounding medium as a series of compressions. In space it is like a vacuum so there are no particles to vibrate from.
Are high frequency sound waves high pitched or low pitched?	High pitched
If a wave source is moving towards you , will the observed frequency of its waves be higher or lower than their actual frequency?	Higher
What do red-shift observations tell us about the universe?	The more distant galaxies have a greater red-shift than the nearer ones. This means that more distant galaxies are moving away from us faster than the nearer ones, therefor there is evidence that the universe is expanding.
Describe the big bang theory for the origin of the universe. What evidence is there for this theory?	The big bang theory says that all the matter and energy in the universe must have been compressed into a very small space then it exploded from that point and started expanding.

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