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| Question | Answer |
| What is an atom? | Atoms are the smallest part of an element that can exist |
| What are differences between an element and a compound? | Elements are only made of one type of atom, While compounds contain two or more types of atom bonded together |
| How are compounds formed? | Through chemical reactions |
| What is the trend when naming compounds? | Compounds containing only two elements end in "ide" e.g. sodium chloride. compounds containing two elements plus oxygen together end in "ate" e.g. sodium carbonate. |
| What is a mixture? | A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded |
| How are mixtures separated? | Mixtures can be separated in different ways. These include: liquid and solid by filtration, two liquids by distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography |
| How do you extract dissolved solids? | Dissolved compounds/ elements can be purified by crystallisation |
| What is the atomic model proposed by J.J. Thomson? | The plum pudding model which had a ball of positive charge with negative bits in |
| what key information about the atom was found in Rutherford's scattering experiment? | Rutherford's scattering experiment discovered that the atom consists of empty space and the presence of a nucleus |
| What did Bohr propose? | Bohr suggested that electrons orbited the nucleus |
| What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons? | Protons have a +1 charge, neutrons have a 0 charge and electrons have a -1 charge |
| In an atom, what is the trend between number of protons and number of electrons? | In an atom, the number of protons = the number of electrons |
| Where can I find the number of proton on the Periodic Table? | The number of protons is called the "atomic number" or "proton number" on the Periodic Table |
| What part of the nucleus makes elements different? | Each element has a different number of protons: H = 1, Na = 11 and Ca = 20 |
| Define a nanometer | 1nm = 1x10-9m and 1m = 1x109nm |
| What is the relative size of a proton, neutron and electron? | The mass of a proton = 1, a neutron = 1 and an electron = 1/2000 |
| What is the atomic mass? | Number of protons + number of neutrons = Atomic mass |
| Define an Isotope? | Isotopes are atoms of the same elements that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| What is the trend of electrons in the first three electron shells? | Electrons fill energy levels like so: 2 in the first, 8 in the second and 8 in the third (2,8,8) |
| Do electrons fill the highest energy level or the lowest energy level first? | Electrons fill the lowest energy level first |
| What is the trend between group number and electron configuration? | The number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom tells you what Group it is in on the Periodic Table |
| How is the Periodic Table organised? | The elements in the Periodic Table go along by increasing number of protons |
| Why are elements organised into groups? | Elements in the same group have similar reactivity and chemical properties. The groups (columns) tell you how many electrons are in the outer most shell |
| What do the rows tell you in the Periodic Table? | The period (rows) tell you how many shells an atom has |
| How was the Periodic Table organised? | The elements in the Periodic Table were organised by the atomic weights |
| What was the problem with the early Periodic Table? | It was incomplete and some elements were inappropriate groups because they were order by atomic weight |
| What did Mendeleev do? | Left gaps for undiscovered elements and arranged elements by properties not atomic weight |
| What did knowledge of isotopes lead to? | It led to an explanation for why atomic wasn't the right order |
| What are group 1 elements referred as? | Alkali metals |
| What are the similarities and difference with alkali metals? | Group 1 metals have similar properties because they have 1 electron in their outer shell. Reactivity increases going down the group |
| What do alkali metals react with? | Alkali metals react with oxygen, chlorine and water |
| How are ions formed? | Metals react to form positive ions by losing electrons. Non- metals react to form negative ions by gaining electrons |
| Why are Group 0 elements called Noble Gases? | Group 0 elements are called the "Noble Gases" because they are very unreactive |
| Why are Noble Gases unreactive? What trends do you see? | Group 0 elements are unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons. As you go down Group 0, their boiling points increase. |
| What are Group 7 elements known as? Why do they have similar properties? | Group 7 elements are known as the "Halogens" and they react similarly because they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell |
| What is trend of properties as you go down group 7? | As you go down the group, the elements weight, melting and boiling point increase. As you go down group 7, the halogens become less reactive |
| What happens when a halogen reacts with a metal? | Group 7 elements react with metals to form salts ending in "ide" e.g. sodium chloride. |
| What happens when you introduce a more reactive halogen to a salt containing a less reactive halogen? | A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a salt |
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