16205909
| Question | Answer |
| sensory inputs that can trigger emotion go to ... | thalamus and then to 2 pathways: fast - directly to the amygdala - this pathway elicits autonomic arousal and hormonal responses that are part of the physiological components of emotion slow - allows cortex time to think about the situation |
| brain parts principally involved in emotional responses | first sensory info goes to the thalamus and hypothalamus - thalamus decides if it is emotional relevant or not if it is it is sent to the cortex and limbic system for processing - how relevant it is, etc. then the hypothalamus is stimulated to produce a response |
| hypothalamus modulates the activity of 3 things and in doing so controls homeostasis and emotional behaviour - what are the 3 things | autonomic nervous system endocrine system limbic system |
| where is the hunger centre and satiety centre in the hypothalamus? | lateral region = hunger centre ventromedial region = satiety centre |
| what 3 things make up the limbic system? | cingulate gyrus hippocampal formation amygdalae |
| amygdala is connected to which 2 structures and what does it do in those areas? | visual cortex and hippocampus it modulates their functions and facilitates perceptual and memory functions in those areas |
| which areas (3) regulate emotion dysregulation of these leads to | amygdala prefrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex failures of emotion regulation, increased impulsivity, aggression, and violence |
| Kluver-Bucy Syndrome | bilateral destruction of anterior temporal lobes and amygdala resulted in the triad of docility: the absence of fear response hyperorality hypersexuality |
| amygdala damage | decrease conditioned fear response decrease ability to recognise the meaningfulness of facial and vocal expressions of anger in others |
| hippocampal damage | inability to convert recent memories --> LTM |
| what is motivation? | state of being that produces a tendency toward some kind of action |
| outline Maslow's hierarchy of needs | first level = basic needs like food and water second level = safety needs (security and protection) third level = pursue of closeness and affiliation with others fourth level = self-esteem needs and esteem of others fifth level = self-actualisation needs (not everyone reaches this level) |
| mesolimbic-dopamine system | a reinforcement pathway linked to reward from drugs dopamine might be the cause of intense craving associated with withdrawal |
| operant conditioning | learning through consequences |
| classical conditioning | learning through association |
| which type of conditioning is implicated when someone gets addicted to drugs? | classical - associate 'high' (reward) with taking drugs |
| dysfunctional circuits in mental illness: anxiety | increase amygdala activation in response to seeing angry/fearful faces amygdala activity is directly proportional to anxiety severity decrease ventrolater prefrontal cortex activation - prefrontal cortex does not reduce amygdala activation in those with anxiety |
| dysfunctional circuits in mental illness: depression | smaller amygdalae increased amygdala activation in response to fearful/sad faces -this hyperactivation is normalised with anti-depressants |
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