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Description
Flashcards by megan.radcliffe16, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by megan.radcliffe16
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| why is Kekule's structure not correct? | 1. all 6 C-C bond are the same length not different. 2.Reaction usually undergoes substitution not the electrophilic addition expected. 3. 2 isomers would be made- 1,2 di-bromobenzene. 4. the enthalpy of hydrogen- the actual is different to the theoretical. |
| why is benzene more stable? | The theoretical energy released should be 360kj/mol but only releases 208 kj/mol- delocalised energy from delocalised electrons. |
| what is Kekules structure? | |
| what type of reaction does benzene under go? | substitution reactions- electrophilic substitution. |
| What is the process of electrophillic substitution in benzene? |
Image:
benzene (image/png)
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| what are the uses of nitrated benzene | Explosives - Trinitromethlybenzene Azo Dyes |
| How are Azo dyes produced? | The nitro group is reduced to an amine by: 1. Sn and 6M HCl 2. catalytic hydrogenation using N2 and H2 (3H2) |
| what is the process of hydrogenation? | |
| what are the conditions of nitration | Conc. HNO3 Conc. H2SO4- catalyst 50°C |
| what is the overall equation for the formation of the electrophile. in electrophillic substitution (nitration) | HNO3 +2H2SO4 -> N+O2 + 2HSO4- + H3O+ |
| what catalyst is needed for benzene to react with acyl chlorides | Aluminium chloride catalyst |
| what productis made between the reaction of acyl chloride and benzene | Aromatic ketone |
| what conditions must be present in the reaction between benzene with acyl chlorides and why? | Anhydrous conditions- prevents hydrolysis |
| draw the reaction between benzene and acyl chlorides. |
Image:
acyleq2.GIF (image/GIF)
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| what is the overall equation for the formation of the electrophile in the benzene and acyl chloride reaction. | AlCl4- + RCOCl -> AlCl4- + R-C+O |
| What does the AlCl3 act as | A lewis Acid |
| Why does the AlCl3 act as a Lewis acid? | It has a vacant orbital It can attract a lone pair of electrons- from the C-Cl bond. |
| What is the equation for the regeneration of a catalyst in electrophilic substitution | AlCL4- + H+ -> HCl + AlCl3 |
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