16658147
Description
Flashcards by Aamna Khan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aamna Khan
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Milgram (1963) participants and roles | recruited healthy males to take part in a memory test experimenter - ran experiment teacher - participants obeyed orders from the experimenter learner - confederate who received stimuli from teacher |
| Milgram (1963) procedure | teacher will test learners memory and administer electric shocks when the answer was incorrect participants were sat in front of a shock generator with 30 switches from 15 volts to 450 volts |
| Milgram (1963) learner's complaints | as the experiment went forward, the learner made more mistakes: 90V- "ugh!" 150V- "ugh! experimenter! thats all. get me out of here. my heart's starting to bother me. i refuse to go on" 210V- "ugh! get me out of here i've had enough!" 300V - (agonised scream) "i absolutely refuse to answer anymore" 315V- (intensely agonised scream) "i told you i refuse to answer!" 345V - learner falls silent and stops answering |
| Milgram (1963) prods | when the participant (teacher) refused to carry on the experimenter would prod them: - please continue - the experiment requires you to continue - it is absolutely essential that you continue - you have no other choice than to carry on |
| Milgram (1963) predictions | Milgram asked psychiatrists, college students and middle class adults to predict results: all groups expected participants to stop at 135V NO ONE THOUGHT ANY PARTICIPANT WOULD GO ALL THE WAY TO 450V |
| Milgram (1963) results | 65% of participants administered shocks up to 450V (26 out of 40 participants) 35% stopped administering shocks |
| Milgram variations | run-down building - 48% experimenter was ordinary person - 20% experimenter issued commands over the phone - 21% when learner was in the same room - 40% participants forced learner's hand on the metal shock plate - 30% participants were told they would be responsible for any implications in the learner - 15% |
| Adorno et al | came up with an authoritarian scale which helps to determine how obedient a person is based on their personality traits |
| agentic state | the shift from acting in our own purpose to acting in terms of a authority figure - agentic shift to reduce any punishment, you must please authority and obey |
| Burger (2009) | partial replication of Milgram did not use stressed individuals participants were reminded that they could withdraw from the study at any time 70% continued past 150V 55% went all the way to 450V found no gender differences |
| Sheridan and King (1972) | shock puppy participants could see the puppy being shocked 75% went up to 450V when shocking insects, 80% went all the way both studies caused high levels of distress in participants |
| Meeus and Raajmakers (1995) | psychological harm study participants were told to aim cruel remarks at confederates who were getting prepared for a job interview 92% went all the way to the end until the confederate did not want to interview psychological damage is harder to see therefore more likely to cause obedience |
| Slater et al (2006)vi | virtual reality simulation computer avatar was used in place of a real learner heart rate was increased with the higher levels of shock |
| Haslam et al (2015) | immersive digital realism real actors playing characters from Milgram's study acted up to 300V |
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