Biology 2.1.6 Cell cycle/mitosis

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A level Biology (2.1.6 Cell division and diversity ) Flashcards on Biology 2.1.6 Cell cycle/mitosis, created by Sam Gunnell on 08/02/2019.
Sam Gunnell
Flashcards by Sam Gunnell, updated more than 1 year ago
Sam Gunnell
Created by Sam Gunnell over 5 years ago
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What are the three stages of interphase? G1, S-phase, G2
What happens during G1? The cell grows
What happens during S-phase of interphase? Semi conservative replication occurs, there are now two chromatids
What happens during G2? The cell continues to grow and the cell prepares for division. DNA is checked
Describe what the chromosomes are like during interphase Uncoiled, thin and not visible.
What organelles are reproduced during interphase? Mitochrondria and chloroplasts
What are the four stages of mitosis (in order)? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Describe what the chromosomes look like during prophase and metaphase of mitosis Coiled, short, fat
What happens to chromosomes durng prophase? Chromosomes become visible as they shorten and thicken
Fill in the gap: The ______ _______ breaks down during prophase The nuclear envelope breaks down
What happens during metaphase? Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell The spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome
What happens during anaphase? Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends (poles) of the cell The centromere divides
What happens during telophase? The nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes
What are cytokinesis? Where the cell finally divides into two daughter cells
What is formed in between cells during plant cell cytokinesis? A cell plate (cytokinesis starts from the middle of the cell)
Why is mitosis important? Growth of multicellular organisms Repairs tissue Asexual reproduction ("runners" for strawberry plants)
What is the purpose of checkpoints during mitosis? Prevents uncontrollable division, leading to tumours Detect and repair damaged DNA Ensures the cycle isnt reversed
Where are the three checkpoints? Near the end of G1 (G1 checkpoint) End of G2 (G2 checkpoint) End of metaphase (spindle assembly checkpoint)
What is G0 phase? Why would a cell go into G0? What does the cell do in G0? The resting phase of the cell If they dont meet checkpoint requirements They grow and can differenciate
What is checked at the G1 checkpoint? Cell size DNA damage
What is checked for at the G2 checkpoint? Cell size All DNA is replicated
What is checked at the spindle assembly checkpoint? Checks that all centromeres are attached to spindle fibres
Where does mitosis take place in plants? Meristems Found on the end of root tips and shoot tips
State two differneces between cell division in plants and animal cells In plants, there are no centrioles, in animals, centrioles are present Cell division in plants only occurs in the meristems but it occurs throughout the body in animals
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