16703300
Description
Flashcards by Sam Gunnell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Gunnell
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three stages of interphase? | G1, S-phase, G2 |
| What happens during G1? | The cell grows |
| What happens during S-phase of interphase? | Semi conservative replication occurs, there are now two chromatids |
| What happens during G2? | The cell continues to grow and the cell prepares for division. DNA is checked |
| Describe what the chromosomes are like during interphase | Uncoiled, thin and not visible. |
| What organelles are reproduced during interphase? | Mitochrondria and chloroplasts |
| What are the four stages of mitosis (in order)? | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
| Describe what the chromosomes look like during prophase and metaphase of mitosis | Coiled, short, fat |
| What happens to chromosomes durng prophase? | Chromosomes become visible as they shorten and thicken |
| Fill in the gap: The ______ _______ breaks down during prophase | The nuclear envelope breaks down |
| What happens during metaphase? | Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell The spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome |
| What happens during anaphase? | Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends (poles) of the cell The centromere divides |
| What happens during telophase? | The nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes |
| What are cytokinesis? | Where the cell finally divides into two daughter cells |
| What is formed in between cells during plant cell cytokinesis? | A cell plate (cytokinesis starts from the middle of the cell) |
| Why is mitosis important? | Growth of multicellular organisms Repairs tissue Asexual reproduction ("runners" for strawberry plants) |
| What is the purpose of checkpoints during mitosis? | Prevents uncontrollable division, leading to tumours Detect and repair damaged DNA Ensures the cycle isnt reversed |
| Where are the three checkpoints? | Near the end of G1 (G1 checkpoint) End of G2 (G2 checkpoint) End of metaphase (spindle assembly checkpoint) |
| What is G0 phase? Why would a cell go into G0? What does the cell do in G0? | The resting phase of the cell If they dont meet checkpoint requirements They grow and can differenciate |
| What is checked at the G1 checkpoint? | Cell size DNA damage |
| What is checked for at the G2 checkpoint? | Cell size All DNA is replicated |
| What is checked at the spindle assembly checkpoint? | Checks that all centromeres are attached to spindle fibres |
| Where does mitosis take place in plants? | Meristems Found on the end of root tips and shoot tips |
| State two differneces between cell division in plants and animal cells | In plants, there are no centrioles, in animals, centrioles are present Cell division in plants only occurs in the meristems but it occurs throughout the body in animals |
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