1722503
Description
Flashcards by Megan Vann, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Megan Vann
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is an emperical formula? | Gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound. |
| what is molecular fomula? | gives the actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule. |
| What is a displayed formula? | shows all the atoms and bonds present in a molecule. |
| what is a structural formula? | shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all the bonds. |
| What is a functional group? | an atom or a group of atoms which, when present in different molecules, causes them to have similar properties |
| What is a homologous series? | a family of molecules which all contain the same functional group but an increasing number of carbon atoms. |
| State the formula for the alkyl group: 1) Methyl 2) Ethyl 3) Propyl 4) Butyl 5) Pentyl 6) Hexyl | 1)CH3 2)C2H5 3)C3H7 4)C4H9 5)C5H11 6)C6H13 |
| What is meant by the term structural isomerism? | has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula. |
| What is meant by the term chain isomerism? | isomers have the same molecular formula but the carbon skeleton Is arranged in a different way. |
| What is meant by the term position isomerism? | Isomers have the same molecular formula and carbon skeleton is arranged in the same way by functional group occurs in a different position. |
| What is meant by the term functional group isomerism? | Isomers have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. |
| What are saturated hydro-carbons called? | Alkanes. |
| What does petroleum mainly consist of? | Alkane hydro-carbons. |
| What is a fraction? | A mixture of compounds with a narrow range of boiling points. |
| Why is it said that a fractional tower has a negative temperature gradient? | it is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. |
| What is broken in alkanes during cracking? | The C-C bonds. |
| Why do larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling points? | have more van der waals forces therefore require more energy to break the intermolecular bonds. |
| Under what conditions does thermal cracking take place? | 1) High pressure 2) High temp |
| Under what conditions does catalytic cracking take place? | 1) slight pressure 2) high temp 3) zeolite catalyst |
| What types of products does thermal cracking make? | alkenes (+ some short chain alkanes and hydrogen) |
| What types of products does catalytic cracking make? | 1) Branched chain alkanes 2) aromatic hydrocarbons 3) cycloalkanes |
| what can the products of thermal cracking be used as? | makes polymers (plastics) |
| what can the products of catalytic cracking be used as? | to make motor fuel. |
| What are the economic reasons for cracking? | To turn less useful hydrocarbons into more useful ones that can be sold to make money. We also need cracking to reach the global demand. |
| what are the products of incomplete combustion? | CO (or C) and H20 |
| what are the products of complete combustion? | CO2 + H20 |
| What are the different pollutants that an internal combustion engine produces? | NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons. |
| What does the combustion of hydrocarbons containing sulphur lead to? | sulphur dioxide ---> acid rain can be removed from flue gasses using calcium oxide. |
| Name 3 greenhouse gasses. | Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour. |
| What do un burnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen contribute to? | Smog. |
| What catalysts are used in catalytic converters? and why? | Platinum, Rhodium or Palladium. They provide a large surface area, increasing the rate of reaction of converting harmful substances into less harmful ones. |
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