1724842
Description
Flashcards by Holly Berry, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Holly Berry
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| _____ is the study of the nature of reality. | Metaphysics |
| Plato was a student of _____. | Socrates |
| A(n) _____ is a verbal attempt to get other people to accept a belief or opinion by providing reasons why they should accept it. | argument |
| The view that ultimate reality is composed of material "stuff" is _____. | materialism |
| Aristotle invented the _____ _____ _____ _____, determining how we think about things. | Doctrine of the Categories |
| _____ is the belief that the universe and all that is in it has purpose. | Teleology |
| A(n) _____argument reasons from one statement to another by means of necessary logical reasoning. | deductive |
| An inductive argument that is weak, has one or more false premises, or both is _____. | uncogent |
| A fallacy of _____ is when a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover. | accident |
| A _____ is a fallacy in which the conclusion is drawn from an atypical sample. | hasty generalization |
| _____ is when the arguer conceals a premise not readily supportable by the facts. | Begging the question |
| One's _____ is the starting point for one's beliefs, ideas, feelings, biases, etc. | point of view |
| The study of questions concerning knowledge and the meaning of truth is _____. | epistemology |
| Socrates' physical death came as a result of _____. | drinking poison hemlock |
| Heraclitus associated ultimate reality with _____. | change |
| Anaximenes believed the most fundamental "stuff" of the universe is _____. | air |
| _____ proclaimed that water is the most basic "stuff" of the universe. | Thales |
| _____ said "the unexamined life is not worth living." | Socrates |
| Plato pursued scientific knowledge through original research at the _____. | academy |
| (T or F) The straw man fallacy is when the arguer draws a conclusion different from that supported by the premises. | False: distorts |
| The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek words "philo" and "sophia" meaning _____ _____ _____. | love of wisdom |
| The fallacy of _____ _____ is when a conclusion depends on an unlikely chain reaction. | slippery slope |
| Hobbes' _____ is a type of materialism, limiting the self simply to the body. | reductionalism |
| (T or F) In figuring out whether arguments are acceptable, one need only know that the conclusion is true. | False: facts also true |
| Both the _____ and _____ _____ agree that the enduring self is an illusion. | Buddha; David Hume |
| (T or F) An argument can be invalid and yet can still be sound. | False: It is automatically unsound. |
| "To know the good is to do the _____" equates to the knowledge with _____. | good; virtue |
| Philosophy can be generally defined as "getting to the _____ of _____." | bottom; things |
| The _____ _____ fallacy is when the arguer leads the listener off track. | red herring |
| _____ believed that change is an illusion and that the universe is constant. | Parmenides |
| Socrates was known in Athens as the "_____" for his consistent irritating. | Gadfly |
| (T or F) Sophists practiced objectivism and used dialectic in ancient Athens. | False: they used cynicism and relativism. |
| The _____ _____ fallacy is when the arguer attacks his/her opponent in a way that is unrelated to the actual argument. | ad hominem |
| Socrates believed _____ _____ is found in recognizing one's own ignorance. | true wisdom |
| In reasoning, we draw _____ based on premises or _____. | conclusions; support/evidence |
| While deductive arguments show their conclusions to be _____ true, inductive arguments show their conclusions to be _____ true. | necessarily; probably |
| For Plato, conflicts within human nature often arise between emotions (spirit) on the one hand, and _____ on the other hand. | appetite |
| For Plato, the soul, which is pure, rules over the _____, which is less pure. | body |
| "Have you stopped cheating on exams?" is an example of what kind of fallacy? | complex questioning |
| _____ is the science that evaluates arguments. | Logic |
| In Aristotle's categories, _____ addresses the question "what is it?" | substance |
| _____ fallacies can be detected through analysis of the content of the argument. | Informal |
| The reasoning process expressed by an argument is _____ | inference |
| An appeal to _____ is when the arguer threatens the listener. | force |
| A(n) _____ argument is a strong inductive argument that has all true premises. | cogent |
| A valid deductive argument that has an untrue premise is a(n) _____ argument. | unsound |
| _____ asserted that numbers are fundamental "stuff" of the universe. | Pythagoras |
| "Murder is morally wrong. This being the case, it follows that abortion is morally wrong" is an example of the fallacy of _____ _____ _____. | begging the question |
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